关于欧洲城市的生活质量的一项研究

武夷山

   欧洲委员会联合研究中心经济计量学和应用统计学研究所的Dorota Węziak-Białowolska在Cities（城市）杂志2016年10月号（2016年5月在线先行发表）发表文章，Quality of life in cities – Empirical evidence in comparative European perspective（城市的生活质量：从欧洲诸国比较视角获得的经验证据），原文见http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264275116301330。本项研究基于对79个欧洲城市的41000人的调查。

   该研究的主要发现是：对公共交通、文化设施、零售商店布局、绿地空间、空气质量、街坊邻里的可信任度、公共管理、管理效率等因素不满意，就易于造成对生活的总体不满意。而不满意的侧面对生活质量的影响要大于满意的侧面。不过，当人们对居住地点有放心感和满意感的时候，他们也更可能对城市的总体生活质量感到满意。研究还发现，如果一个城市的多数人在人身安全因素上感到满意，则该城市的居民对城市的总体生活质量也较为满意。

   总体上说，欧洲90%的居民都对本城的生活质量较满意。居民生活质量满意度最高的城市有丹麦的奥尔堡、德国的汉堡、荷兰的格罗宁根等，95%以上的居民都满意。但希腊的雅典、雅典周边和意大利的那不勒斯的居民中对生活质量满意者较少，分别只有52%、59%和65%的居民感到满意。

   原文的摘要如下。

Abstract

This study investigated aspects of urban quality of life in European cities. To this end, the Flash Eurobarometer 366: Quality of life in European cities was used.The survey provides opinions of 41 thousands inhabitants from 79 European cities, which enables analysis of interrelation between citizen characteristics, neighbourhood and city contexts and satisfaction with life in a city. The study analysed the following dimensions potentially related to satisfaction with life in a city: (1) availability of services, environment and social aspects in cities and neighbourhood; (2) socio-demographic factors; and (3)city characteristics such as economic development, labour market pressures,size, location, quality of institutions and safety.

Findings indicated that satisfaction with life in a city varied considerably both inside cities and across Europe. Dissatisfaction with public transport, cultural facilities, availability of retail outlets, green space, air quality,trustworthiness of people, public administration and administrational efficiency, contributed significantly to dissatisfaction with life in a city.However, when citizens felt secure and satisfied with their place of living,they were also more likely to be satisfied with life in a city. Finally, cities with high percentage of people satisfied with safety in a city tended to be those in which citizens were also more satisfied with life in a city.