美国学者编的学术词汇清单上的头500个单词

武夷山

Applied Linguistics（应用语言学）杂志2014年第3期发表了美国杨百翰大学语言学与英语语言系Dee Gardner和Mark Davies的文章，A New Academic Vocabulary List（一个新的学术词汇清单）。文章描述了他们根据“当代美国英语语料库”（拥有4.25亿个词）的学术子语料库（有1.2亿个词）编制出的一个新的学术词汇清单。原文见http://courses.washington.edu/englhtml/engl563/PDFs/Applied%20Linguistics-2013-Gardner-applin_amt015.pdf。

下面是该清单的Top 500词汇，供大家参考。年轻的朋友看看，您是否都认识和掌握？这些是基础得不能再基础了的学术词汇。有意思的是，由于与在美国英语中的使用频率有关，Top 500词汇中包含African，但不包含Asian；包括Germen，但不包括Chinese。

Table 4: Top 500 words (lemmas) in the AVL

1. study.n

2. group.n

3. system.n

4. social.j

5. provide.v

6. however.r

7. research.n

8. level.n

9. result.n

10. include.v

11. important.j

12. process.n

13. use.n

14. development.n

15. data.n

16. information.n

17. effect.n

18. change.n

19. table.n

20. policy.n

21. university.n

22. model.n

23. experience.n

24. activity.n

25. human.j

26. history.n

27. develop.v

28. suggest.v

29. economic.j

30. low.j

31. relationship.n

32. both.r

33. value.n

34. require.v

35. role.n

36. difference.n

37. analysis.n

38. practice.n

39. society.n

40. thus.r

41. control.n

42. form.n

43. report.v

44. rate.n

45. significant.j

46. figure.n

47. factor.n

48. interest.n

49. culture.n

50. need.n

51. base.v

52. population.n

53. international.j

54. technology.n

55. individual.n

56. type.n

57. describe.v

58. indicate.v

59. image.n

60. subject.n

61. science.n

62. material.n

63. produce.v

64. condition.n

65. identify.v

66. knowledge.n

67. support.n

68. performance.n

69. project.n

70. response.n

71. approach.n

72. support.v

73. period.n

74. organization.n

75. increase.v

76. environmental.j

77. source.n

78. nature.n

79. cultural.j

80. resource.n

81. century.n

82. strategy.n

83. theory.n

84. product.n

85. method.n

86. goal.n

87. likely.j

88. note.v

89. represent.v

90. general.j

91. article.n

92. similar.j

93. environment.n

94. language.n

95. determine.v

96. structure.n

97. section.n

98. common.j

99. occur.v

100. current.j

101. available.j

102. present.v

103. term.n

104. reduce.v

105. measure.n

106. involve.v

107. movement.n

108. specific.j

109. focus.v

110. region.n

111. relate.v

112. individual.j

113. quality.n

114. establish.v

115. author.n

116. seek.v

117. compare.v

118. growth.n

119. natural.j

120. various.j

121. standard.n

122. example.n

123. management.n

124. scale.n

125. argue.v

126. degree.n

127. design.n

128. concern.n

129. state.v

130. therefore.r

131. examine.v

132. pattern.n

133. researcher.n

134. task.n

135. traditional.j

136. finding.n

137. positive.j

138. central.j

139. act.n

140. impact.n

141. reflect.v

142. recognize.v

143. context.n

144. relation.n

145. maintain.v

146. African.j

147. concept.n

148. discussion.n

149. associate.v

150. design.v

151. particularly.r

152. purpose.n

153. address.v

154. define.v

155. particular.j

156. benefit.n

157. survey.n

158. effective.j

159. apply.v

160. contain.v

161. understanding.n

162. production.n

163. form.v

164. association.n

165. reveal.v

166. range.n

167. affect.v

168. attitude.n

169. status.n

170. necessary.j

171. function.n

172. indeed.r

173. present.j

174. global.j

175. conflict.n

176. achieve.v

177. conduct.v

178. critical.j

179. perform.v

180. discuss.v

181. exist.v

182. improve.v

183. observe.v

184. demonstrate.v

185. unit.n

186. total.j

187. modern.j

188. literature.n

189. result.v

190. experience.v

191. principle.n

192. element.n

193. challenge.n

194. control.v

195. historical.j

196. aspect.n

197. perspective.n

198. basic.j

199. measure.v

200. tradition.n

201. belief.n

202. western.j

203. procedure.n

204. test.v

205. category.n

206. tend.v

207. technique.n

208. outcome.n

209. significantly.r

210. generally.r

211. future.j

212. mean.n

213. importance.n

214. application.n

215. feature.n

216. influence.n

217. basis.n

218. interaction.n

219. refer.v

220. communication.n

221. negative.j

222. primary.j

223. characteristic.n

224. European.j

225. lack.n

226. obtain.v

227. potential.j

228. variety.n

229. component.n

230. following.j

231. access.n

232. contribute.v

233. assume.v

234. express.v

235. tool.n

236. promote.v

237. participate.v

238. labor.n

239. engage.v

240. review.n

241. additional.j

242. highly.r

243. appropriate.j

244. publish.v

245. encourage.v

246. successful.j

247. assess.v

248. view.v

249. client.n

250. instrument.n

251. relatively.r

252. meaning.n

253. limit.v

254. increase.n

255. directly.r

256. previous.j

257. demand.n

258. vision.n

259. female.j

260. attempt.n

261. influence.v

262. independent.j

263. solution.n

264. direct.j

265. conclusion.n

266. presence.n

267. scientific.j

268. ethnic.j

269. complex.j

270. active.j

271. male.n

272. claim.n

273. participation.n

274. focus.n

275. contrast.n

276. failure.n

277. internal.j

278. journal.n

279. multiple.j

280. facility.n

281. user.n

282. emerge.v

283. protection.n

284. extent.n

285. male.j

286. mental.j

287. explore.v

288. consequence.n

289. generate.v

290. content.n

291. device.n

292. requirement.n

293. broad.j

294. observation.n

295. visual.j

296. difficulty.n

297. regional.j

298. perceive.v

299. ie.r

300. urban.j

301. female.n

302. capacity.n

303. increased.j

304. ensure.v

305. select.v

306. moreover.r

307. emphasize.v

308. institute.n

309. extend.v

310. connection.n

311. sector.n

312. commitment.n

313. interpretation.n

314. evaluate.v

315. conclude.v

316. notion.n

317. increasingly.r

318. domestic.j

319. consist.v

320. reference.n

321. initial.j

322. adopt.v

323. comparison.n

324. depend.v

325. attempt.v

326. standard.j

327. predict.v

328. employ.v

329. definition.n

330. essential.j

331. contact.n

332. frequently.r

333. colleague.n

334. actual.j

335. account.v

336. dimension.n

337. theme.n

338. largely.r

339. link.v

340. desire.n

341. overall.j

342. useful.j

343. consistent.j

344. distribution.n

345. minority.n

346. analyze.v

347. range.v

348. psychological.j

349. unique.j

350. experiment.n

351. trend.n

352. exchange.n

353. percentage.n

354. objective.n

355. implication.n

356. contribution.n

357. enable.v

358. organize.v

359. specifically.r

360. currently.r

361. emotional.j

362. locate.v

363. primarily.r

364. scholar.n

365. enhance.v

366. improvement.n

367. flow.n

368. estimate.v

369. phase.n

370. rural.j

371. typically.r

372. above.r

373. long-term.j

374. core.n

375. volume.n

376. approximately.r

377. limited.j

378. propose.v

379. framework.n

380. existing.j

381. creation.n

382. code.n

383. emphasis.n

384. industrial.j

385. external.j

386. waste.n

387. potential.n

388. climate.n

389. explanation.n

390. technical.j

391. mechanism.n

392. description.n

393. vary.v

394. reduction.n

395. discipline.n

396. construct.v

397. equal.j

398. origin.n

399. rely.v

400. fundamental.j

401. transition.n

402. assumption.n

403. German.j

404. existence.n

405. formal.j

406. manner.n

407. assistance.n

408. combination.n

409. increasing.j

410. hypothesis.n

411. phenomenon.n

412. planning.n

413. error.n

414. household.n

415. cite.v

416. lack.v

417. judgment.n

418. constitute.v

419. relevant.j

420. typical.j

421. selection.n

422. incorporate.v

423. illustrate.v

424. cycle.n

425. depression.n

426. consideration.n

427. previously.r

428. arise.v

429. developing.j

430. separate.j

431. recognition.n

432. mode.n

433. similarly.r

434. resistance.n

435. furthermore.r

436. diversity.n

437. practical.j

438. anxiety.n

439. acquire.v

440. characterize.v

441. differ.v

442. review.v

443. interpret.v

444. creative.j

445. limitation.n

446. resolution.n

447. implementation.n

448. numerous.j

449. significance.n

450. revolution.n

451. philosophy.n

452. display.v

453. professional.n

454. publication.n

455. variation.n

456. derive.v

457. alternative.n

458. widely.r

459. permit.v

460. alternative.j

461. merely.r

462. initiative.n

463. employment.n

464. regard.v

465. estimate.n

466. effectively.r

467. cooperation.n

468. transform.v

469. absence.n

470. imply.v

471. comprehensive.j

472. observer.n

473. nevertheless.r

474. testing.n

475. link.n

476. evolution.n

477. intellectual.j

478. signal.n

479. passage.n

480. facilitate.v

481. discovery.n

482. biological.j

483. introduction.n

484. boundary.n

485. substantial.j

486. ratio.n

487. strongly.r

488. theoretical.j

489. gain.n

490. general.r

491. settlement.n

492. independence.n

493. yield.v

494. formation.n

495. insight.n

496. territory.n

497. conventional.j

498. inform.v

499. index.n

500. crucial.j