1、怎么完成一篇发表在国际期刊上的研究论文手稿(作者的角度   评审的角度  编辑的角度)

1)动手前要做的6件事：

a.为什么要发表自己的研究成果--是否能够发表

做了些新的东西或有趣的东西？

工作是否有挑战性？

研究工作是否与当前热点有关？

是否为其他研究工作提供了借鉴作用？

b.决定文体: 研究论文 快讯  综述

c.选择目标期刊

最常见的方法是看看你研究参考的文章大多都发表在什么期刊，不建议同时投多个期刊，

一旦投出去就等编辑和评审的回应。

研究工作不是非常有挑战性的话，还是应该避开那些高拒稿率的期刊，选择一些比较靠谱的相应期刊。

d.注意期刊的投稿要求（期刊首页的Guide for Authors）

选定发表期刊后，去其首页下载The Guide for Authors，打印出来反复阅读。

其中一般包括详细的编辑指导、提交过程、发表费用、版权和伦理要求。按照

要求撰写论文能很好地节省自己的时间，也是对编辑的尊重。

e.注意文章的结构

一般包括3部分：

e1)title, authors(附属单位)，摘要，关键词

e2)正文：Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusions

e3)致谢Acknowledgements,参考文献References，补充材料Supplementary Materials

IMRAD format（note: 美国标准的研究论文结构）

Introduction: What did you/others do? Why did you do it?

Methods: How did you do it?

Results: What did you find?

And Discussion: What does it all mean?

f.避免学术造价（包括抄袭、剽窃）

科学上最糟糕的事情之一就是剽窃

close advice:

As you prepare your manuscript, there are some basic principles you should always keep in mind:

对自己的工作充满信心 Cherish your own work – if you do not take care, why should the journal?

成功没有捷径 There is no secret recipe for success-just some simple rules, dedication and hard work.

编辑和评审都是很忙的科学家，文章要写的简洁易懂 ----

Editors and reviewers are all busy scientists, just like you. Make things easy to save them time.

2).怎么动手

开始着手写作前应该先确定研究的主题，并搜寻30来篇主题相关的文献用来引用。

以下是写作步骤：（While this is the published structure, however, we often use a different order when writing.）

Steps to organizing your manuscript

1、Prepare the figures and tables.自明性

   How do you decide between presenting yourdata as tables or figures? Generally, tables give the

   actual experimentalresults, while figures are often used for comparisons of experimental results

   with those of previous works,or with calculated/theoretical values.

2、Write the Methods. 方法的描述步骤应该与它们出现在结果的顺序一致

3、Write up the Results.

  代表性的结果，对讨论部分必不可少的结果；

  次要结果用补充材料展示

  sub-headings副标题可以用来展示相似性的结果

  注意逻辑关系，使故事简单易懂

  最重要的是该部分不准出现参考文献，因为是展示自己的研究结果。如果要引用别人的话就表示你在

讨论你的研究结果应该写在讨论部分。

4、Write the Discussion.

  Finalize the Results and Discussion before writing the introduction.

  This is because, if the discussion is insufficient, how can you objectively demonstrate the scientific    significance of your work in the introduction?

  讨论部分要响应结果的含义，可以说是最容易写的部分又是最难写好的部分，因为这是论文最重要的部分。

  要与同行的结果进行比较，也不用怕与自己结果相冲突的结果，相反，你必须要面对它并说服读者你的结果更好。

  避免不明确的表述：higher temperature", "at a lower rate", "highly significant". Quantitative descriptions are always

  preferred (35oC, 0.5%, p<0.001, respectively)

5、Write a clear Conclusion.

6、Write a compelling introduction.

  What is the problem to be solved?

  Are there any existing solutions?

  Which is the best?

  What is its main limitation?

  What do you hope to achieve?

7、Write the Abstract.

8、Compose a concise and descriptive Title.

9、Select Keywords for indexing.

10、Write the Acknowledgements.

11、Write up the References.

Length of the manuscript

Again, look at the journal's Guide for Authors, but an ideal length for a manuscript is 25 to 40 pages, double spaced, including essential data only.

Here are some general guidelines:

Title: Short and informative

Abstract: 1 paragraph (<250 words)

Introduction: 1.5-2 pages

Methods: 2-3 pages

Results: 6-8 pages

Discussion: 4-6 pages

Conclusion: 1 paragraph

Figures: 6-8 (one per page)

Tables: 1-3 (one per page)

References: 20-50 papers (2-4 pages)