博文
翻译“大爆炸宇宙学许可证”
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他日在预印本上看到一篇文章（http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.6271），文章提到Lemaître在1931年发表的一篇文章是大爆炸宇宙学的“许可证”，标志大爆炸宇宙学的诞生。现在将Lemaître的文章对照翻译如下（有些句子实在费解，请博友们帮帮忙。谢谢了！）。
SIR
ARTHUR EDDINGTON states that, philosophically, the notion of a
beginning of the present order of Nature is repugnant to him. I would
rather be inclined to think that the present state of quantum theory
suggests a beginning of the world very different from the present order
of Nature. Thermodynamical principles from the point of view of quantum
theory may be stated as follows: (1) Energy of constant total amount is
distributed in discrete quanta. (2) The number of distinct quanta is
ever increasing. If we go back in the course of time we must find fewer
and fewer quanta, until we find all the energy of the universe packed in a
few or even in a unique quantum.
Now, in atomic processes, the notion of space and time are no more than statistical notions; they fade out when applied to individual phenomena involving but a small number of quanta. If the world has begun with a single quantum, the notions of space and time would althogether fail to have any meaning at the beginning; they would only begin to have a sensible meaning when the original quantum had been divided into a sufficient number of quanta. If this suggestion is correct, the beginning of the world happened a little before the beginning of space and time. I think that such a beginning of the world is far enough from the present order of Nature to be not at all repugnant.
It may be difficult to follow up the idea in details as we are not
yet able to count the quantum packets in every case. For example, it may
be that an atomic nucleus must be counted as a unique quantum, the
atomic number acting as a kind of quantum number. If the future
development of quantum theory happens to turn in that direction, we
would conceive the beginning of the universe in the form of a unique
atom, the atomic weight of which is the total mass of the universe. This
hightly unstable atom would divide in smaller and smaller atoms by a
kind of super-radioactive process. Some remnant of this process might,
according to Sir James Jeans's idea, foster the heat of the stars until
our low atomic number atoms allowed life to be possible.
Clearly the initial quantum could not conceal in itself the whole course of evolution; but, according to the principle of indeterminancy, that is not necessary. Our world is now understood to be a world where something really happens; the whole story of the world need not have been written down in the first quantum like a song on the disc of a phonogrph. The whole matter of the world must have been present at the beginning, but the story it has to tell may be written step by step.
亚瑟·爱丁顿爵士指出，哲学上，现今自然秩序的起源的概念是令他反感的。我宁愿倾向于认为目前的量子理论暗示了和现今自然的秩序相当不同的世界起源。从量子理论的观点看，热力学原理可以表达如下：（1）总量为常数的能量分布在离散的量子中。（2）独立量子的数目是不断增长的。如果我们沿时间回溯，我们必然会看到越来越少的量子，直到我们发现宇宙所有的能量被包含在少数甚至唯一一个量子中。
现在，在原子过程中，空间和时间的概念不过是统计概念；它们在应用于涉及少量量子的现象中失效。如果世界起源于一个量子，那么空间和时间的概念在一开始不会有任何意义的；它们只会在最初的量子分为足够数量的量子之后才会有合理的意义。如果这个方案是对的，那么世界的起源应该发生在空间和时间的起源之前一点。我认为这样一个世界起源距现今自然秩序足够远，一点也不令人反感。
可能难以追寻这个想法的细节，因为我们还不能在每个情况下对量子系统进行计数。例如，有可能一个原子核必须计为一个单独的量子，原子序数表现为一种量子数。如果未来量子理论的发展碰巧沿此方向，我们可以一个单独的原子的形式构想宇宙的起源，这个原子的原子量是宇宙的总质量。这个高度不稳定的原子可以通过一种超级放射性过程分为越来越小的原子。根据詹姆斯·金斯爵士的想法，这个过程的一些剩余物可能提供了恒星的热量，直到低原子序数的原子使得生命可以存在。
显然原初的量子自己不能隐瞒整个演化过程；但是，根据不确定性原理，这是不一定的。我们的世界现在被认为是确实发生了一些事的世界；世界的整个历史不一定像留声机唱片上的一首歌那样写在第一个量子里。世界的所有物质在最初已经存在，但是它要讲述的故事是一步步写就的。
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-117333-452210.html
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The Beginning of the World from the Point of View of Quantum Theory
Now, in atomic processes, the notion of space and time are no more than statistical notions; they fade out when applied to individual phenomena involving but a small number of quanta. If the world has begun with a single quantum, the notions of space and time would althogether fail to have any meaning at the beginning; they would only begin to have a sensible meaning when the original quantum had been divided into a sufficient number of quanta. If this suggestion is correct, the beginning of the world happened a little before the beginning of space and time. I think that such a beginning of the world is far enough from the present order of Nature to be not at all repugnant.
Clearly the initial quantum could not conceal in itself the whole course of evolution; but, according to the principle of indeterminancy, that is not necessary. Our world is now understood to be a world where something really happens; the whole story of the world need not have been written down in the first quantum like a song on the disc of a phonogrph. The whole matter of the world must have been present at the beginning, but the story it has to tell may be written step by step.
G. Lemaître
40 rue de Namur, Louvain
40 rue de Namur, Louvain
量子理论观点下的世界起源
亚瑟·爱丁顿爵士指出，哲学上，现今自然秩序的起源的概念是令他反感的。我宁愿倾向于认为目前的量子理论暗示了和现今自然的秩序相当不同的世界起源。从量子理论的观点看，热力学原理可以表达如下：（1）总量为常数的能量分布在离散的量子中。（2）独立量子的数目是不断增长的。如果我们沿时间回溯，我们必然会看到越来越少的量子，直到我们发现宇宙所有的能量被包含在少数甚至唯一一个量子中。
现在，在原子过程中，空间和时间的概念不过是统计概念；它们在应用于涉及少量量子的现象中失效。如果世界起源于一个量子，那么空间和时间的概念在一开始不会有任何意义的；它们只会在最初的量子分为足够数量的量子之后才会有合理的意义。如果这个方案是对的，那么世界的起源应该发生在空间和时间的起源之前一点。我认为这样一个世界起源距现今自然秩序足够远，一点也不令人反感。
可能难以追寻这个想法的细节，因为我们还不能在每个情况下对量子系统进行计数。例如，有可能一个原子核必须计为一个单独的量子，原子序数表现为一种量子数。如果未来量子理论的发展碰巧沿此方向，我们可以一个单独的原子的形式构想宇宙的起源，这个原子的原子量是宇宙的总质量。这个高度不稳定的原子可以通过一种超级放射性过程分为越来越小的原子。根据詹姆斯·金斯爵士的想法，这个过程的一些剩余物可能提供了恒星的热量，直到低原子序数的原子使得生命可以存在。
显然原初的量子自己不能隐瞒整个演化过程；但是，根据不确定性原理，这是不一定的。我们的世界现在被认为是确实发生了一些事的世界；世界的整个历史不一定像留声机唱片上的一首歌那样写在第一个量子里。世界的所有物质在最初已经存在，但是它要讲述的故事是一步步写就的。
勒梅特（G. Lemaître）
那慕尔街40号（40 rue de Namur）， 鲁汶（Louvain）
那慕尔街40号（40 rue de Namur）， 鲁汶（Louvain）
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