少层石墨烯中ABC到ABA堆叠的转变

通信作者

Kostya S. Novoselov
National Graphene Institute/School of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK 

研究背景和亮点

近期，对少层石墨烯（FLG）可变电子特性有了深入的研究进展。这些特性由局部原子排列定义，FLG中最自然的层排列是ABA（Bernal结构）堆叠[1]，也称为“正常”或六角形结构；但亚稳态ABC（菱形）堆叠也可能发生，虽然概率低仅有5％-15％[2-4]，但是在少层石墨烯（FLG）中可以相对容易地实现[5]。当两种类型的堆叠发生在同一样品中时，会导致畴壁（DW）面内异质结构。堆叠顺序和原子的相对位置强烈影响FLG的能带结构和电子性质。已经证明ABA TLG（三层石墨烯）是具有电可调带重叠的半金属[6]，ABC TLG是具有电可调带隙的半导体[7-9]。

BLG（双层石墨烯）中的DW因其迷人的电学特性[10-12]和光学特性[13]成为值得深入研究的主题。然而，局部堆叠的精确表征以及以可控方式修改堆叠布置和DW的可能性仍然是一个挑战，ABC到ABA过渡期间原子重新排列的确切机制尚未完全理解。

最近，Kostya S. Novoselov及其合作者提出了两种方法（Joule heating & Laser pulse excitation）来证明FLG中ABC堆叠可以可控并局部地转变为ABA堆叠[14]。第一种方法通过引入焦耳热实现，并且该转变的特征在于亚微米空间分辨率的2D峰拉曼光谱。转换在一个小区域开始，然后DW可控地移动，直到整个设备成为ABA堆叠。在第二种方法中，通过用一系列790nm波长的激光脉冲照亮ABC区域来实现转换，在衍射和暗场成像模式下通过透射电子显微镜观察转变。此外，使用该方法，DW在暗场成像模式中以纳米级空间分辨率可视化。

范德瓦尔斯异质结构由于提供了多种可以自由选择二维材料及控制其在堆叠的顺序来调控其自身性质，已获得深入研究。层的精确排列以及层内原子的精确排列对于器件的性质都是重要的。然而，很难控制和表征这种异质结构中的原子和层的确切位置，特别是沿垂直维度。在另一项研究中[15]，Kostya S. Novoselov及其合作者通过在一个稍微简化的二维单层晶体系统上模拟和执行具有会聚和发散波前的各种CBED方案来更详细研究了会聚束电子衍射（CBED, convergent beam electron diffraction）的实验验证。

参考文献

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14.  T. Latychevskaia, S.-K. Son, Y. Yang, D. Chancellor, M. Brown, S. Ozdemir, I. Madan, G. Berruto, F. Carbone, A. Mishchenko, and K. S. Novoselov,Stacking transition in rhombohedral graphite,Front. Phys. 14(1), 13608 (2019)

15. T. Latychevskaia, C. R. Woods, Yi Bo Wang, M. Holwill, E. Prestat, S. J. Haigh, and K. S. Novoselov, Convergent and divergent beam electron holography and reconstruction of adsorbates on free-standing two-dimensional crystals, Front. Phys. 14(1), 13606 (2019)

文献链接

Tataiana Latychevskaia, Seok-Kyun Son, Yaping Yang, Dale Chancellor, Michael Brown, Servet Ozdemir, Ivan Madan, Gabriele Berruto, Fabrizio Carbone, Artem Mishchenko, and Kostya S. Novoselov, Stacking transition in rhombohedral graphite, Front. Phys. 14(1), 13608 (2019) 

T. Latychevskaia, C. R. Woods, Yi Bo Wang, M. Holwill, E. Prestat, S. J. Haigh, and K. S. Novoselov, Convergent and divergent beam electron holography and reconstruction of adsorbates on free-standing two-dimensional crystals, Front. Phys. 14(1), 13606 (2019)

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Special Topic: Graphene and other Two-Dimensional Materials 
(Eds. Daria Andreeva, Wencai Ren, Guangcun Shan & Kostya Novoselov) 

Special Topic: Inorganic Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
(Eds. Changzheng Wu & Xiaojun Wu)