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小黄老师知道我在《中外教育史》等课程教学中有时会穿插一点英语内容,于是给我发来这一链接 2021儒家经典跨语言诵读大会 (chinakongzi.org)。
儒家经典跨语言诵读活动有其积极意义,对于促进文化交流、儒家思想的对外传播和相关人才的培养很有助益。这类活动特别适合于年轻人参与,我这处于“天命”之年的人,思想可能深沉一些,但精气神明显不足。但由于前两篇博文涉及孔子的教育精神,《道德经》的英译,还是参与一下,以表明自己的喜好。可是由于忙于教学等事务,无暇录制,直到昨晚截止时间将近时才想起,于是匆忙对着手机视频说了一段英语(只是自己对着视频录制,表情有点不自然)。之所以说一段英语阐释,是由于大会要求国内参与者用英语阐释。文后又谈了自己对相关教学的一点看法。
(Confucius’ Spiritual Development)
Hello,everyone.I’d like to read my favorite sayings from Confuciu’s Analects :
吾十有五而志于学,
At fifteen, I set my heart on learning,
三十而立,
At thirty I had already a good grasp of the rites and morals.
[此句翻译恰当,言孔子三十岁时,已很好地掌握了礼仪和道德。比起 I took my stand 或 I had planted my feet firm upon the ground 此类直译更能使人了解孔子的精神追求]
四十而不惑,
At forty, I could form my own judgments of things.
五十而知天命,
At fifty, I began to know the objective laws of nature.
六十而耳顺,
At sixty, I could know a man from his words and make a clear distinction between right and wrong.
七十而从心所欲不逾矩。
At seventy, I could follow my inclinations without any of my words or deeds ever running counter to the rules.
The sentences above is about Confucius’ Spiritual Development. The 'learning’ which Confucius here refers to is not what we now would call learning. In the Analects, Confucius said: "Set your heart on the Tao." Zhi yu dao(志于道) in Chinese. And again: "To hear the Tao in the morning and then die at night, that would be all right." ( Zhao wen dao,xi si ke yi 朝闻道,夕死可矣) Here Tao means the Way or Truth. It was this Tao which Confucius at fifteen set his heart upon learning. What we now call learning means the increase of our knowledge, but the Tao is that whereby we can elevate our mind.
Confucius also said: "Take your stand in the li [in Chinese li yu li (立于礼), li means rituals, ceremonies, proper conduct]." Again he said: "Not to know the li is to have no means of standing." (Bu zhi li, wu yi li ye 不知礼,无以立也 ) Thus when Confucius says that at thirty he could "stand," he means that he then understood the li and so could practice proper conduct.
Here we may see how Confucius spiritual cultivation developed. Every ten years he reached a new stage, a new spiritual realm. (在此我们可看到孔子的精神修养发展过程:每隔十年,他就会达到一个新阶段,一个新的精神境界。)
本人三十年前初为人师时,从事的是英语教学,也经常翻阅英文版的《论语》、《道德经》。后来转移方向从事比较教育,经常阅读英文教育材料,同时也关注中文经典的英译。于是在上课的时候,喜欢穿插相关英文材料,讲到英美教育家的教育思想(如约翰.杜威),涉及英文自不待说;而讲到儒家教育思想时穿插英文,就值得商榷,有可能“吃力不讨好”,对于个别因学习方法不当而对英文厌烦的学生有一个心理适应过程,因为他们还没有体味到英语同经典内容相结合的学习的妙处。
我的想法是这样的:
1.学习方式的变换:《论语》、《大学》、《孟子》中有些语句已众所周知,在中文分析的基础上,变换一种呈现方式,即提供翻译得较好的英译语句,看学子们能否读出其大概意思,同中文语句对照阅读,这是一种综合的联想式的学习。
2.达到学以致用的目的。我们传授给学生的东西,总希望他们能学以致用(如体育之养成锻炼习惯、学英语后也常看看相关资料),而不是应付完考试就弃置一旁。
3.对经典多一层理解。儒家经典自古以来就有众多阐释,多一种语言阐释也是多一种理解。
4.也有功利的目的。现在许多大学在考评各院教学结果时,加上一项“考研率”,而考研不需要英语水平的提高吗?而脱离具体文化内容的英语学习,其效果不如把英语学习同头脑中已有的根深蒂固的本族文化内容结合起来效果好。
相关链接
道德经 6-8 章句英译 Laotze- Tao Te Ching
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