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物理学“狭义相对性原理”的准确表述
真傻对狭义相对性原理的描述为:
在所有惯性系,物理定律的实质保持不变。
这不同于“物理定律的数学形式”保持不变。
爱因斯坦1905年的《Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper》里的“相对论原理”到底是什么?
是说“物理定律的实质”,
还是“物理定律的数学形式”
或者只说“物理定律”?
以下是 Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper, von A. Einstein
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19053221004/abstract
的截图。
第一次:
(1)
Examples of this sort, together with the unsuccessful attempts to discover any motion of the earth relatively to the “light medium,” suggest that the phenomena of electrodynamics as well as of mechanics possess no properties corresponding to the idea of absolute rest. They suggest rather that, as has already been shown to the first order of small quantities, the same laws of electrodynamics and optics will be valid for all frames of reference for which the equations of mechanics hold good.1 We will raise this conjecture (the purport of which will hereafter be called the “Principle of Relativity”) to the status of a postulate, and also introduce another postulate, which is only apparently irreconcilable with the former, namely, that light is always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity c which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body.
堵如此类的例子,以及企图证实地球相对于“光媒质”(即当时所说“以太”)运动的实验的失败,引起了这样一种猜想:绝对静止这概念,不仅在力学中,而且在电动力学中也不符合现象的特性,倒是应当认为,凡是对力学方程适用的一切坐标系,对于上述电动力学和光学的定律也一样适用,对于第一级微量来说,这是已经证明了的。我们要把这个猜想(它的内容以后就称之为“相对性原理”)提升为公设,并且还要引进另一条在表面上看来同它不相容的公设:光在空虚空间里总是以一确定的速度 C 传播着,这速度同发射体的运动状态无关。
第二次:
(2)
§ 2. On the Relativity of Lengths and Times
The following reflexions are based on the principle of relativity and on the principle of the constancy of the velocity of light. These two principles we define as follows:—
The laws by which the states of physical systems undergo change are not affected, whether these changes of state be referred to the one or the other of two systems of co-ordinates in uniform translatory motion.
§2 关于长度和时间的相对性
下面的考虑是以相对性原理和光速不变原理为依据的,这两条原理我们定义,如下。
1 .物理体系的状态据以变化的定律,同描述这些状态变化时所参照的坐标系究竞是用两个在互相匀速移动着的坐标系中的哪一个并无关系。
2。光速不变原理,在狭义相对论中,指的是无论在何种惯性系(惯性参照系)中观察,光在真空中的传播速度都是一个常数,不随光源和观察者所在参考系的相对运动而改变。这个数值是299,792,458 米/秒。
由此,得
光速=光路的路程/时间间隔
这里的“时间间隔”,是依照§1中所定义的意义来理解的。
请德语高手给个解释吧!感谢!
相关链接:
[1] A. Einstein,Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper
Einstein, A. (1905), Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. Ann. Phys., 322: 891–921. doi: 10.1002/andp.19053221004
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19053221004/abstract
[2] On The Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, By A. Einstein, June 30, 1905
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/
[3] 爱因斯坦狭义相对论原文---《论动体的电动力学》
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/610391383
[4] 《论动体的电动力学》全文译文
http://blog.163.com/terrorist_1992/blog/static/106204601201062294311698/
[5] 沈惠川,2012-10-20,罗杰▪彭罗斯说,物理学从弦论到量子力学都错了
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-605880-624403.html
[6] 2013-04-01,[请教] 类星体周围有静电场吗?
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-675940.html
[7] 2013-4-15,[请教] 物理基础:因果关系是否依赖观察者?
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-680338.html
丘吉尔也说:
你能看到多远的过去,就能看到多远的未来。
Winston Churchill:
The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you can see.
感谢您指正以上任何错误!
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