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[打听] 牛顿的画像：牛顿一生很抑郁吗？

已有 3160 次阅读 2024-1-21 22:48 |个人分类:历史 - 人物|系统分类:科研笔记

感谢您提供牛顿开心的画像！

[打听] 牛顿的画像：牛顿一生很抑郁吗？

一直想找个牛顿“开心”的画像。多年来一直没有在网上搜索到。

最开心的是下面张：

Sir Isaac Newton by Godfrey Kneller 1689_裁剪.jpg

牛顿 Sir Isaac Newton, 1642-12-15 ~ 1727-03-20 (1643-01-04 ~ 1727-03-31)

裁剪自：https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/kunstwerke/1200w/Godfrey_Kneller_-_Portrait_of_Sir_Isaac_Newton_-_%28MeisterDrucke-826444%29.jpg

内勒《牛顿像》（1689）Sir Godfrey Kneller (1646-1723) 1689，现属牛顿后人

1833年法国人达盖尔（Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, 1787-11-18 ~ 1851-07-10）才完善了“快速摄影术”，所以，牛顿应该没有照片。牛顿只有画像。

一、传闻：牛顿 36岁、51岁前后 2 次出现精神病症状

网上搜索到的一些关于牛顿情绪的说法：

（1）对牛顿的毛发进行基因分析，认为牛顿是艾斯伯格症候群携带者，有XQ28基因的表现，

对于牛顿精神状态的老话题，凯恩斯确信，牛顿的神学和炼金术信仰出自一个精神正常的人，手稿显示出“严谨的学识、准确的方法、极度冷静的陈述”，是牛顿在步入晚年或可能出现精神失常之前就已经写完了的。（著名的经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯） [12]

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF?fromModule=lemma_search-box

（2）Newton Had At Least Two Mental Breakdowns And May Have Been Bipolar

Newton had a substantial mental breakdown in 1678, in large part due to the immense stress brought on by the controversies surrounding his work. His mother died the following year, at which point he became even more isolated and dove deeper into his research. In 1693, he experienced yet another breakdown very similar to the one he experienced years earlier. Newton was embarrassed by his battle with mental health - a lifelong struggle by all accounts - which may have been due to depression or a form of bipolar disorder.

https://www.ranker.com/list/sad-stories-from-the-life-of-isaac-newton/melissa-sartore?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=historypost&utm_campaign=isaac_newton_was_a_sad_boi

【机器翻译】牛顿至少有两次精神崩溃，可能患有双相情感障碍

1678年，牛顿精神崩溃，这在很大程度上是由于围绕他的工作的争议所带来的巨大压力。第二年，他的母亲去世了，在这一点上，他变得更加孤立，并深入研究。1693年，他又经历了一次与几年前非常相似的崩溃。牛顿对自己与心理健康的斗争感到尴尬——所有人都认为这是一场终生的斗争——这可能是由于抑郁症或一种双相情感障碍。

（3）John Maynard Keynes: Newton, the Man

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Keynes_Newton/

For in vulgar modern terms Newton was profoundly neurotic of a not unfamiliar type, but - I should say from the records - a most extreme example. His deepest instincts were occult, esoteric, semantic-with profound shrinking from the world, a paralyzing fear of exposing his thoughts, his beliefs, his discoveries in all nakedness to the inspection and criticism of the world. 'Of the most fearful, cautious and suspicious temper that I ever knew', said Whiston, his successor in the Lucasian Chair.

尽管用现代流行的术语来说，牛顿是一个严重的神经过敏者，并非不常见的那种；但我要说──依据历史材料──他是最为极端的一例。他的至深天性是玄奥的、隐秘的、遁世的，对于向世人袒露自己的思想、信仰和发现感到极度的恐惧。“我所知道的最忧虑、最谨慎、最多疑的性情”，惠斯顿（Whiston），这位卢卡斯讲座教授的继任者曾这样评论道。

Newton's extensive anti-Trinitarian pamphlets are, in my judgement, the most interesting of his unpublished papers.

牛顿大量反三位一体的文章，在我看来，是其未出版的手稿中最为有趣的部分。

Somewhere about his fiftieth birthday on Christmas Day 1692, he suffered what we should now term a severe nervous breakdown. Melancholia, sleeplessness, fears of persecution - he writes to Pepys and to Locke and no doubt to others letters which lead them to think that his mind is deranged. He lost, in his own words, the 'former consistency of his mind'. He never again concentrated after the old fashion or did any fresh work. The breakdown probably lasted nearly two years, and from it emerged, slightly 'gaga', but still, no doubt, with one of the most powerful minds of England, the Sir Isaac Newton of tradition.

1692年圣诞节他50岁生日的前后，他得了我们现在所称的严重的神经失常。精神忧郁、失眠、受迫害的恐惧──他给佩皮斯、给洛克、无疑也给其他人写信，致使他们都认为他的心智已经错乱。用他自己的话说，“他失去了往昔那种心智上的一致性”。他再也没有像从前那样集中精力，也没有做出任何新颖的工作。神经失常大概持续了将近两年；失常之后，尽管有轻微的疯癫（‘gaga’），却仍然是英格兰最强有力的心灵之一，传说中的艾萨克·牛顿爵士。

https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Keynes_Newton/

https://www.sohu.com/a/240024546_652527

著名经济学家凯恩斯：牛顿其人

二、宇宙科学院院士“牛顿：没有精神病”

牛顿的“基础知识库”里有牛顿的全部资料，包括精神状态。

《[科幻，展望，猜想] 宇宙科学院院士：以爱因斯坦为例》

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1418754.html

因此，在牛顿“院士”训练时，专门有相应的措施保证“牛顿院士”精神正常。所以，“牛顿院士”不会犯精神病。

参考资料：

[1] 艾萨克·牛顿，英国科学家，百度百科

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF?fromModule=lemma_search-box

[2] Newton Had At Least Two Mental Breakdowns And May Have Been Bipolar,