[打听，小资料] “波粒二象性 wave-particle duality”的权威和最新实验证据

波粒二象性： wave-particle duality

德布罗意波： de Broglie wave

光的二象性： duality of light

   瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院（école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland）的研究人员拍摄的有史以来第一张光既像波，同时又像粒子流的照片。

   EPFL的一个由法布里奥·卡彭（Fabrizio Carbone）领导的研究小组进行了一次“聪明的”反向实验：用电子来给光拍照，终于捕获了有史以来第一张光既像波，同时又像粒子流的照片。

https://www.cas.cn/kj/201503/t20150305_4317219.shtml

图1  The first ever photograph of light as both a particle and wave  有史以来第一张光既是粒子又是波的照片

https://actu.epfl.ch/image/33361/1108x622.jpg

https://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-first-ever-photograph-of-light-as-both-a-parti/

图2  上图的细节

https://actu.epfl.ch/image/33336/original/1800x1800.jpg

   The experiment is set up like this: A pulse of laser light is fired at a tiny metallic nanowire. The laser adds energy to the charged particles in the nanowire, causing them to vibrate. Light travels along this tiny wire in two possible directions, like cars on a highway. When waves traveling in opposite directions meet each other they form a new wave that looks like it is standing in place. Here, this standing wave becomes the source of light for the experiment, radiating around the nanowire.

   实验是这样设置的：向一根微小的金属纳米线发射激光脉冲。激光为纳米线中的带电粒子添加能量，使其振动。光沿着这根微小的电线向两个可能的方向传播，就像高速公路上的汽车一样。当向相反方向传播的波浪相互相遇时，它们会形成一个新的波浪，看起来就像是站在原地一样。在这里，这种驻波成为实验的光源，辐射在纳米线周围。

   “This experiment demonstrates that, for the first time ever, we can film quantum mechanics – and its paradoxical nature – directly,” says Fabrizio Carbone. In addition, the importance of this pioneering work can extend beyond fundamental science and to future technologies. As Carbone explains: “Being able to image and control quantum phenomena at the nanometer scale like this opens up a new route towards quantum computing.”

   Fabrizio Carbone说：“这项实验首次证明，我们可以直接拍摄量子力学及其悖论性质。”。此外，这项开创性工作的重要性可以超越基础科学，延伸到未来的技术。正如Carbone所解释的：“能够像这样在纳米尺度上对量子现象进行成像和控制，为量子计算开辟了一条新的途径。”

https://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-first-ever-photograph-of-light-as-both-a-parti/

参考资料：

[1] 2022-01-20，光/light/郭奕玲，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=132834&Type=bkzyb&SubID=95642

[2] 2023-08-01，光子/photon/裴寿镛、吴令安，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215506&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146659

   对于光子的更进一步的认识尚在进行中。

[3] 2022-01-20，波粒二象性/wave-particle duality/孙昌璞，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215481&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146659

[4] 2023-04-06，物理光学/physical optics/张国权，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=139691&Type=bkzyb&SubID=95644

[5] 2022-12-23，物质波的干涉/matter-wave interference/庄鹏飞，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215503&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146663

[6] 2023-03-16，量子光学/quantum optics/汪凯戈、吴金辉，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215486&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146659

[7] 2023-03-16，电磁感生透明/electromagnetically induced transparency; EIT/吴金辉，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215768&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146675

[8] 2023-04-06，德布罗意波/de Broglie wave/庄鹏飞，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215495&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146659

[9] 2022-01-20，量子声学/quantum acoustics/张海澜，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=57153&Type=bkzyb&SubID=61897

[10] 2022-01-20，阿哈罗诺夫－玻姆效应/Aharonov-Bohm effect/陈熙谋、沈瑞，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215755&Type=bkzyb

[11] 2022-06-04，光的二象性/duality of light/胡望雨，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=196079&Type=bkzyb&SubID=95643

[12] 2022-01-20，互补性原理/complementarity principle/孙昌璞，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=215483&Type=bkzyb&SubID=146659

   实验表明，路径探测越准确，干涉条纹消失得越厉害。

[13] 2023-04-04，电磁辐射/electromagnetic radiation/方圣辉，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=111798&Type=bkzyb&SubID=94760

[14] 2023-04-28，经典电动力学/classical electrodynamics/曹昌祺，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=141138&Type=bkzyb&SubID=61955

   只有当带电物质主要显示出粒子性而电磁场主要显示波动性的情形下，经典电动力学的计算结果才能近似地反映客观实际。

[15] 2023-06-04，电磁学/electromagnetism/陈熙谋，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=31138&Type=bkzyb&SubID=61923

[16] 2023-04-29，光学/optics/杨国桢，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=133753&Type=bkzyb&SubID=95641

[17] 2023-08-22，仪器科学与技术史/development of instruments/钱政，中国大百科全书，第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=495802&Type=bkzyb&SubID=115776

[18] 科普中国，2021-12-31，波粒二象性

https://www.kepuchina.cn/article/articleinfo?business_type=100&classify=0&ar_id=294169

[19] 中国科学院，2015-03-05，波粒二象性，有图有真相

https://www.cas.cn/kj/201503/t20150305_4317219.shtml

[20] EPFL, 2015-03-02, The first ever photograph of light as both a particle and wave

https://actu.epfl.ch/news/the-first-ever-photograph-of-light-as-both-a-parti/

[21] L. Piazza, T.T.A. Lummen, E. Quin˜onez, Y. Murooka, B.W. Reed, B. Barwick, F. Carbone. Simultaneous observation of the quantization and the interference pattern of a plasmonic near-field [J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 6407.

doi:  10.1038/ncomms7407

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms7407

相关链接：

[1] 2023-12-16，[讨论] 狭隘的“存在即被感知, esse est percipi, to be is to be perceived”

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1414107.html

[2] 2019-07-01，[请教] 量子集成电路、量子芯片 Quantum Chip 今后30年内的实用前景？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1187623.html

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