[图片，小资料] 诺伊斯（Robert Norton Noyce）的第一个集成电路

   Kilby files patent for IC, February 6, 1959

   Kilby demonstrates the 1st IC, September 12, 1958

   Noyce conceives planar IC, January 23, 1959

   【机器翻译】 Kilby于 1959-02-06 申请IC专利

   1958-09-12，基尔比演示了第一个IC

   诺伊斯构思平面IC，1959-01-23

   正如诺伊斯 1975年所言：

   "There is no doubt in my mind that if that invention had not arisen at Fairchild that it would have arisen elsewhere in the very near future. It was an idea whose time had come and the technology had developed to a point where it was viable."

   【机器翻译】“在我看来，毫无疑问，如果这项发明没有出现在仙童，它在不久的将来也会出现在其他地方。这是一个时代已经到来的想法，技术已经发展到了可行的地步。”

   Jay Last, another Fairchild co-founder, assembled a team of engineers to translate Noyce’s ideas into working devices. They produced the first planar integrated circuit, a 4 transistor, 5 resistor flip-flop in May 1960. ^[8] Under the trade name μLogic (Micrologic), the company announced the type “F” flip-flop function to the public in March 1961.

   【机器翻译】Fairchild的另一位联合创始人 Jay Last 组建了一个工程师团队，将Noyce的想法转化为工作设备。1960年5月，他们生产了第一个平面集成电路，一个4晶体管、5电阻器的触发器。^[8] 1961年3月，该公司以μLogic（Micrologic）的商品名向公众宣布了“F”型触发器功能。

   Beginning in 1957, Westinghouse Electric pursued research that led to a contract to develop “molecular” electronic devices for the U. S. Air Force. Based on the ideas of MIT professor Arthur von Hippel, this concept emerged many years later in the form of nanotechnology but in the near term led to a series of integrated analog circuits known as Functional Electronic Blocks (FEBs). In 1959, John D. Husher at the Youngwood, PA facility cut grooves across the surface of power transistor chips to create islands of discrete component elements that he connected with flying wires into FEBs such as audio amplifiers, detectors, and filters.

   【机器翻译】从1957年开始，西屋电气公司进行研究，为美国空军开发“分子”电子设备。基于麻省理工学院教授Arthur von Hippel的想法，这一概念在多年后以纳米技术的形式出现，但在不久的将来产生了一系列被称为功能电子块（FEB）的集成模拟电路。1959年，宾夕法尼亚州杨伍德工厂的John D.Husher在功率晶体管芯片的表面上切割凹槽，形成离散元件岛，并用飞线将其连接到音频放大器、检测器和滤波器等FEB中。

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-ic/

图1  In 1959 Fairchild announced its line of RTL logic chips.  1959年，Fairchild宣布推出RTL逻辑芯片系列

https://www.edn.com/wp-content/uploads/contenteetimes-images-ednmoments-fairchild-ic.jpg

https://www.edn.com/noyce-receives-1st-ic-patent-april-25-1961/

图2

https://www.i-programmer.info/images/stories/ComputerCreators/SiliconV/first.jpg

https://www.i-programmer.info/history/machines/735-fairchild.html?start=1

图3  Three diagrams from Noyce’s historic IC patent. Made by the planar process, Noyce’s device was the breakthrough that made the commercial manufacture of ICs practical and economical. Figure 3 is a frontal view of the chip, which contains two junction transistors (the semicircular components on the left and right, numbered 16 and 17; and 23, 24, and 25) and two diodes (19 and 26), which direct the flow of current.  

诺伊斯历史性IC专利的三张图表。Noyce的器件采用平面工艺制造，是实现IC商业制造实用性和经济性的突破。图3是芯片的正视图，它包含两个结型晶体管（左右两侧的半圆部件，编号为16和17；以及23、24和25）和两个二极管（19和26），用于引导电流。

http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/bitbybit/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Chapter_8-243.jpg

http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/bitbybit/bit-by-bit-contents/chapter-eight/8-6-noyces-integrated-circuit/

图4  Die erste integrierte Schaltung von Fairchild Semiconductor, entworfen von Robert Noyce  (Foto Computer History Museum)  由Robert Noyce设计的 Fairchild半导体的第一个集成电路（照片计算机历史博物馆）

https://blog.hnf.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/FairchildIC.jpg

https://blog.hnf.de/die-taten-der-treulosen-acht/

图5  Fairchild Semiconductor Type “F” flip-flop (1960). Photo: Fritz Goro/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images 仙童半导体“F”型触发器（1960）。照片：Fritz Goro/时代与生活图片社/盖蒂图片社

https://images.computerhistory.org/blog-media/who-ic_GettyImages_98824333-1_Ss.jpg

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-ic/

（外）图6  Type 502 Bistable Multivibrator Solid Circuit (1960). Photo: Texas Instruments 502型双稳态多谐振荡器固体电路（1960年）。图片：德州仪器

https://images.computerhistory.org/blog-media/who-ic_502_FF.jpg

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-ic/

参考资料：

[1] Computer History Museum, 1959: PRACTICAL MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CONCEPT PATENTED

https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/practical-monolithic-integrated-circuit-concept-patented/

[2] 宋德生. 信息革命的技术源流[M]. 成都: 四川人民出版社, 1986-04.

[3] Computer History Museum, David Laws, 2014-08-20, Who Invented the IC?

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-ic/

[4] Computer History Museum, The Integrated Circuit

https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/276

[5] David Laws, Michael Riordan. Making Micrologic: The Development of the Planar IC at Fairchild Semiconductor, 1957–1963 [J].  IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 2012, 34(1): 20-36.   20 December 2011

doi:  10.1109/MAHC.2011.87

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6109204

[6] 8.6 NOYCE’S INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, Bit by Bit

http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/bitbybit/bit-by-bit-contents/chapter-eight/8-6-noyces-integrated-circuit/

相关链接：

[1] 2023-10-27，[图片，小资料] 基尔比（Jack St. Clair Kilby）的第一个集成电路

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1407513.html

[2] 2023-08-28，[小资料] 1959年诺伊斯（Robert Norton Noyce）的集成电路专利（图片）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400618.html

[3] 2022-09-19，[？？？] 热血沸腾之后，更是“耗尽/耗干”后的无奈（关联资料“集成电路”，诺伊斯 Robert Norton Noyce）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1356020.html

[4] 2023-08-28，[小资料] 1959年诺伊斯（Robert Norton Noyce）的集成电路专利（图片）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400618.html

[5] 2023-08-02，[小资料] 1952年杜默（G. W. A. Dummer）提出“集成电路概念 Integrated Circuit Concept”

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1397631.html

[6] 2019-07-14，有关集成电路 Integrated Circuit 的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189467.html

[7] 2019-07-07，有关 Geoffrey W. A. Dummer 先生的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1188470.html

[8] 2023-09-17，Zenas 公理：2023年汪波老师的《为什么芯片相关的发明最初总不受待见？》

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1402929.html

[9] 2023-09-07，[小资料] 1966年鲍尔（Robert W. Bower）申请的 MOSFET 自对准栅极工艺专利（图片）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401852.html

[10] 2023-09-09，[小资料] FinFET（鳍式场效应晶体管 fin field effect transistor）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1402038.html

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