[图片，小资料] 基尔比（Jack St. Clair Kilby）的第一个集成电路

   1958-09-12，第一个集成电路的成功测试。基尔比（Jack St. Clair Kilby）在德州仪器公司成功测试了第一个集成电路。

图1  Jack Kilby's demonstration of the first working integrated circuit (IC) in 1958 revolutionized the field of microelectronics.  1958年，Jack Kilby展示了第一个可工作的集成电路（IC），彻底改变了微电子领域。

https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-AHB2006q21246

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_689592

图2

https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-AHB2007q21789&max=1000

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_689592

图3

https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-AHB2007q21785&max=1000

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_689592

上面是从 18 张图片里选出来的 3 张。来自：

Jack Kilby's Integrated Circuit, National Museum of American History

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_689592

   Jack Kilby’s demonstration of the first working integrated circuit (IC) in 1958 revolutionized the field of microelectronics. Instead of using discrete transistors, resistors, and capacitors to form a circuit, Kilby’s IC design integrated a transistor, a capacitor, and the equivalent of three resistors all on the same chip. Kilby fabricated three types of circuits to test his idea: a flip flop, a multi vibrator and a phase shift oscillator. This chip is the phase-shift oscillator.

   The first IC was made out of a thin slice of germanium (the light blue rectangle) as a bulk resistor and contained a single bipolar transistor (under the large aluminum bar in the center). It had four input/output terminals (the small vertical aluminum bars), a ground (the large bar on the far right), and wires of gold. The microchips of today have been improved by hundreds of innovations, but Kilby’s prototype was an important early step.

   【机器翻译】1958年，Jack Kilby展示了第一个可工作的集成电路（IC），彻底改变了微电子领域。Kilby的IC设计没有使用分立的晶体管、电阻器和电容器来形成电路，而是将晶体管、电容器和等效的三个电阻器集成在同一芯片上。基尔比制造了三种类型的电路来测试他的想法：触发器、多谐振荡器和相移振荡器。这个芯片是移相振荡器。

   第一个IC由一片薄锗（浅蓝色矩形）制成，作为体电阻，并包含一个双极晶体管（在中心的大铝条下）。它有四个输入/输出端子（小的垂直铝条）、一个接地端（最右边的大条）和金线。如今的微芯片已经通过数百项创新进行了改进，但基尔比的原型是重要的早期步骤。

图4  One of Kilby's first integrated circuits,  Kilby的第一个集成电路中的一个

https://www.industrial-electronics.com/images/ww_1987-12_pioneers.jpg

https://www.industrial-electronics.com/ww_1987-12_pioneers.html

Above: one of Kilby's first integrated circuits, a germanium phase-shift oscillator completed on September 12, 1958. For its circuit diagram, see below.

图5

http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/bitbybit/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Chapter_8-237.jpg

http://ds-wordpress.haverford.edu/bitbybit/bit-by-bit-contents/chapter-eight/8-5-kilbys-integrated-circuit/

Kilby’s first IC, a phase-shift oscillator. The oscillator was made out of germanium (the light blue rectangle) and contained a single junction transistor (under the large aluminum bar in the center). The small perpendicular bars are input/output terminals; the large bar on the right is a ground, and the wires are made of gold. The entire assemblage was held together with wax. The device is .062 inch long and .04 inch wide.

图6

https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/artifacts/integratedcircuit_spotlight_121214

图7  出处一时找不到了。感谢原作者和有关人员！

图8  出处一时找不到了。感谢原作者和有关人员！

图9  Kilby’s device with mesa components (a) and circuit description of the single-transistor oscillator (b).  带有台面组件的Kilby器件（a）和单晶体管振荡器的电路描述（b）。

https://www.iue.tuwien.ac.at/phd/singulani/images/Picture1.png

https://www.iue.tuwien.ac.at/phd/singulani/dissse1.html

参考资料：

[1] Jack S. Kilby, The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/kilby/facts/

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/summary/

   Prize motivation: “for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit”

[2] 宋德生. 信息革命的技术源流[M]. 成都: 四川人民出版社, 1986-04.

[3] 1959 - Kilby's patent on electronic circuits fabricated from semiconductor material

"Miniaturized Electronic Circuits" (U.S. Patent 3,138,743; Filed February 6, 1959)

http://s3.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/kilby-us3138743a-patent.pdf

[4] Jack Kilby, Nobel Lecture, The Nobel Prize in Physics 2000

https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2000/kilby/lecture/

[5] Jack Kilby, American engineer, britannica

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jack-Kilby

[6] The chip that Jack built, TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/artifacts/integratedcircuit_spotlight_121214

[7] Jack Kilby's Integrated Circuit, National Museum of American History

https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_689592  

[8] 搜狐，2019-05-30，60年前，世界上第一块集成电路（芯片）诞生 

https://www.sohu.com/a/317393510_136745

   1958年7月24日，基尔比在工作笔记上写到：“由很多器件组成的极小的微型电路是可以在一块晶片上制作出来的。由电阻、电容、二极管和三极管组成的电路可以被集成在一块晶片上。”

   1958年８月28日，基尔比就完成了这一尝试。结果令人非常满意。

   基尔比一共做了三个这样的电路。1

[9] 知乎，2021-04-24，世界第一个集成电路的诞生-Jack Kilby

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/367477326

[10] 搜狐，2017-10-07，万万没想到，世界上第一块集成电路竟长这样

https://www.sohu.com/a/196580803_464086?qq-pf-to=pcqq.group

[11] Computer History Museum, David Laws, 2019-07-17, Silicon Chips Take Man to the Moon

https://computerhistory.org/blog/silicon-chips-take-man-to-the-moon/

[12] Computer History Museum, 1958: ALL SEMICONDUCTOR "SOLID CIRCUIT" IS DEMONSTRATED

https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/all-semiconductor-solid-circuit-is-demonstrated/

[13] Computer History Museum, David Laws, 2014-08-20, Who Invented the IC?

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-ic/

[14] Computer History Museum, The Integrated Circuit

https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/digital-logic/12/276

[15] Computer History Museum, What Happened on September 12

https://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/september/12/

[16] Computer History Museum, Jack Kilby, 1976-07, Invention of the integrated circuit

https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102775913

相关链接：

[1] 2023-08-27，[小资料] 1959年基尔比（Jack St. Clair Kilby）的集成电路专利（图片）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400524.html

[2] 2023-10-12，[小资料，图片] 胡佛水坝（Hoover Dam）（关联 Jack St. Clair Kilby 的诺贝尔演讲）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1405716.html

[3] 2023-10-24，[打听] 汤斯“海狸盯着胡佛大坝对兔子说”的出处？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1407122.html

[4] 2023-08-28，[小资料] 1959年诺伊斯（Robert Norton Noyce）的集成电路专利（图片）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400618.html

[5] 2023-08-02，[小资料] 1952年杜默（G. W. A. Dummer）提出“集成电路概念 Integrated Circuit Concept”

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1397631.html

[6] 2019-07-14，有关集成电路 Integrated Circuit 的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189467.html

[7] 2019-07-07，有关 Geoffrey W. A. Dummer 先生的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1188470.html

[8] 2023-09-17，Zenas 公理：2023年汪波老师的《为什么芯片相关的发明最初总不受待见？》

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1402929.html  

[9] 2023-09-07，[小资料] 1966年鲍尔（Robert W. Bower）申请的 MOSFET 自对准栅极工艺专利（图片）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401852.html

[10] 2023-09-09，[小资料] FinFET（鳍式场效应晶体管 fin field effect transistor）

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1402038.html

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