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[小资料] 1963年霍夫施泰因(Steven R. Hofstein)、海曼(Frederic Paul Heiman)的MOS场效应管论文(部分图片)
霍夫施泰因 Steven R. Hofstein, 1938-12-29? ~
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Steven-Hofstein
https://i1.rgstatic.net/ii/profile.image/629948314300416-1527202790776_Q512/Steven-Hofstein.jpg
海曼 Frederic Paul Heiman, 1939-03-23 ~ 2020-04-09
https://sjoperaguild.org/memorials/fred_heiman/fred_picobitfinal.pdf
一、人类生产的 1022 个晶体管,其中 99.9% 是 MOS器件
在美国工程技术界评出二十世纪最伟大的 20项工程技术成就“Electronics 电子技术”时间表里,《1962 MOSFET is invented 1962年 发明MOSFET》内容如下:
1962 MOSFET is invented
The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is invented by engineers Steven Hofstein and Frederic Heiman at RCA's research laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey. Although slower than a bipolar junction transistor, a MOSFET is smaller and cheaper and uses less power, allowing greater numbers of transistors to be crammed together before a heat problem arises. Most microprocessors are made up of MOSFETs, which are also widely used in switching applications.
1962年 发明MOSFET
金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)是由工程师 Steven Hofstein 和 Frederic Heiman 在 RCA(Radio Corporation of America 美国无线电公司)位于新泽西州普林斯顿的研究实验室发明的。尽管 MOSFET 比双极结晶体管慢,但它更小、更便宜、功耗更低,可以在出现热问题之前将更多数量的晶体管挤在一起。大多数微处理器由 MOSFET 组成,MOSFET 也广泛用于开关应用。
http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956
In a 1961 memo, however, Kahng pointed out its potential "ease of fabrication and the possibility of application in integrated circuits." But researchers at Fairchild and RCA did recognize these advantages. In 1960 Karl Zaininger and Charles Meuller fabricated an MOS transistor at RCA and C.T. Sah of Fairchild built an MOS-controlled tetrode. Fred Heiman and Steven Hofstein followed in 1962 with an experimental 16-transistor integrated device at RCA.
然而,在 1961年的一份备忘录中,Kahn 指出了其潜在的“易于制造和应用于集成电路的可能性”。但 Fairchild 和 RCA 的研究人员确实认识到了这些优势。1960年,Karl Zaininger 和 Charles Meuller 在 RCA 制造了 MOS晶体管,Fairchild 的 C.T.Sah 制造了 MOS控制的四极管。弗雷德·海曼和史蒂文·霍夫施泰因于 1962年在 RCA 推出了一款实验性的 16晶体管集成器件。
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mos-transistor-demonstrated/
Adopting the planar processing method recently invented by Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor in Palo Alto, together with Fred Heiman, Hofstein built individual transistors and interconnected arrays of multiple devices—essentially the first MOS integrated circuit (IC)—in 1961.
1961年,Hofstein 采用了 Palo Alto Fairchild Semiconductor 的 Jean Hoerni 和 Fred Heiman 最近发明的平面处理方法,制造了单个晶体管和多个器件的互连阵列,本质上是第一个MOS集成电路。
Five decades later the industry had shipped 13 sextillion transistors, 99.9 percent of them MOS devices. And the total increases by multiple billions every day.
【截止到2018年】50年后,该行业已经向市场供应了 1.3×1022 个晶体管,其中 99.9% 是 MOS器件。总的来说,每天都在以几十亿个的速度增长。
二、1963年霍夫施泰因(Steven R. Hofstein)、海曼(Frederic Paul Heiman)的MOS场效应管论文《The silicon insulated-gate field-effect transistor 硅绝缘栅场效应晶体管》
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1444418
1963-04-26 投稿,1963-06-13 录用,1963-09 刊出。
在 1962-10 25~27 华盛顿特区的“Electron Devices Meeting 电子器件会议”上,以“The Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor 绝缘栅场效应晶体管”为论文题目宣读过。
其中的部分有图片的页面如下:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
参考资料:
[1] 宋继强. 智能时代的芯片技术演进[J]. 科技导报, 2019, 37(3): 66-68.
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.010
http://www.kjdb.org/CN/abstract/abstract15236.shtml
Intel得出的结论是,CMOS功耗和性能表现要优于大部分半导体元器件。至少在最近的10年里,还是要以CMOS为主来制造芯片,其他的新技术可以与CMOS混合使用以提高性能、降低功耗或降低价格。
[2] 宋德生. 信息革命的技术源流[M]. 成都: 四川人民出版社, 1986-04.
[3] 2023-08-01,场效应晶体管/field effect transistor/邓先灿,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=62929&Type=bkzyb&SubID=80584
[4] 2023-08-19,金属-氧化物-半导体集成电路/metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuit/李志坚,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=148651&Type=bkzyb&SubID=100503
[5] 1960: METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (MOS) TRANSISTOR DEMONSTRATED
JOHN ATALLA AND DAWON KAHNG FABRICATE WORKING TRANSISTORS AND DEMONSTRATE THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL MOS FIELD-EFFECT AMPLIFIER.
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mos-transistor-demonstrated/
[6] TIMELINE, Computer History Museum
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/timeline/
[7] 1964: FIRST COMMERCIAL MOS IC INTRODUCED
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/first-commercial-mos-ic-introduced/
[8] 13 sextillion & counting: the long & winding road to the most frequently manufactured human artifact in history, David Laws, 2018-04-02, Computer History Museum
[9] Hofstein, Steven R. oral history, Computer History Museum
https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102745974
[10] 美国国家工程院. Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century [EB/OL].
http://www.greatachievements.org/
[11] Electronics Timeline, the 20th century's greatest engineering achievements
http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956
[12] DR. STEVEN HOFSTEIN
https://www.cognasys.com/SteveHofsteinBio.htm
[13] DR. STEVEN HOFSTEIN'S JOURNEY FROM METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (MOS) TO EXPERT SYSTEMS (ES)
https://www.cognasys.com/DrHofstein.htm
[14] Frederic Heiman Obituary, Legacy
https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/mercurynews/name/frederic-heiman-obituary?id=8112357
[15] Steven R. Hofstein, Frederic Paul Heiman. The insulated-gate field-effect transistor [C]. 1962 International Electron Devices Meeting. 25-27 October 1962
doi: 10.1109/IEDM.1962.187313
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1473340
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1473340
[16] Steven R. Hofstein, Frederic Paul Heiman. The silicon insulated-gate field-effect transistor [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2963, 51(9): 1190-1202. September 1963
doi: 10.1109/PROC.1963.2488
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1444418
[17] Wei Cao, Huiming Bu, Maud Vinet, Min Cao, Shinichi Takagi, Sungwoo Hwang, Tahir Ghani, Kaustav Banerjee. The future transistors [J]. Nature, 2023, 620(7974): 501–515. 16 August 2023
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06145-x
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06145-x
[18] Sah Chih-Tang (萨支唐). Evolution of the MOS transistor-from conception to VLSI [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1988, 76(10): 1280 - 1326. October 1988
doi: 10.1109/5.16328
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/16328
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