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[小资料] 1960年阿塔拉(Martin Atalla)、江大原(Dawon Kahng)申请的MOS场效应管专利(图

已有 2717 次阅读 2023-9-4 17:28 |个人分类:集成电路(资料)|系统分类:科研笔记

[小资料] 1960年阿塔拉(Martin (John) M. Atalla)、江大原(Dawon Kahng)申请的MOS场效应管专利(图片)

                                

National Inventors Hall of Fame   Martin (John) M. Atalla.jpg

阿塔拉 Martin (John) Mohamed Atalla, 1924-08-04 ~ 2009-12-30

https://www.invent.org/inductees/martin-john-m-atalla

                                            

National Inventors Hall of Fame   Dawon Kahng.jpg

江大原 Dawon Kahng, 1931-05-04 ~ 1992-05-13

https://www.invent.org/inductees/dawon-kahng

                                                                                                      

一、MOS场效应管简史

https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mos-transistor-demonstrated/

   JOHN ATALLA AND DAWON KAHNG FABRICATE WORKING TRANSISTORS AND DEMONSTRATE THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL MOS FIELD-EFFECT AMPLIFIER.

   【机器翻译为主】JOHN ATALLA 和 DAWON KAHN 制造了能工作的MOS场效应晶体管,并展示了第一个成功的MOS场效应放大器。

   In 1959 M. M. (John) Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs achieved the first successful insulated-gate field-effect transistor (FET), which had been long anticipated by Lilienfeld, Heil, Shockley and others (1926 Milestone) by overcoming the "surface states" that blocked electric fields from penetrating into the semiconductor material. Investigating thermally grown silicon-dioxide layers, they found these states could be markedly reduced at the interface between the silicon and its oxide in a sandwich comprising layers of metal (M - gate), oxide (O - insulation), and silicon (S - semiconductor) - thus the name MOSFET, popularly known as MOS. As their device was slow and addressed no pressing needs of the telephone system, it was not pursued further. In a 1961 memo, however, Kahng pointed out its potential "ease of fabrication and the possibility of application in integrated circuits." But researchers at Fairchild and RCA did recognize these advantages. In 1960 Karl Zaininger and Charles Meuller fabricated an MOS transistor at RCA and C.T. Sah of Fairchild built an MOS-controlled tetrode. Fred Heiman and Steven Hofstein followed in 1962 with an experimental 16-transistor integrated device at RCA.

   1959年,贝尔实验室的 M.M.(John)Atalla Dawon Kahn 通过克服阻止电场渗透到半导体材料中的“表面状态”,成功地实现了 LilienfeldHeilShockley 等人(1926 Milestone)长期期待的第一个绝缘栅场效应晶体管(FET)。在研究热生长的二氧化硅层时,他们发现,在由金属层(M栅极)、氧化物层(O绝缘层)和硅层(S半导体层)组成的三明治中,硅和氧化物之间的界面处,这些状态可以显著减少,因此被称为 MOSFET,俗称 MOS。由于他们的设备速度较慢,无法满足电话系统的迫切需求,因此没有进一步研究。然而,在 1961 年的一份备忘录中,Kahn 指出了其潜在的“易于制造和应用于集成电路的可能性”。但 Fairchild RCA Radio Corporation of America 国无线电公司的研究人员确实认识到了这些优势。1960年,Karl Zaininger Charles Meuller RCA 制造了 MOS 晶体管,Fairchild C.T.Sah 制造了 MOS 控制的四极管。弗雷德·海曼和史蒂文·霍夫斯坦于 1962年在 RCA 推出了一款实验性的 16晶体管集成器件。

   The MOS transistor conducting region is either p-type (making it a "p-channel" device) or n-type ("n-channel" device) material. The latter are faster than p-channel but are more difficult to make. MOS devices hit the commercial market in 1964. General Microelectronics (GME 1004) and Fairchild (FI 100) offered p-channel devices for logic and switching applications; RCA introduced an n-channel transistor (3N98) for amplifying signals. Because of their smaller size and lower power consumption than bipolar devices, over 99 percent of microchips produced today use MOS transistors. Achieving such ubiquity took decades of effort. (1964 Milestone)

   MOS晶体管导电区域是p型(使其成为“p沟道”器件)或n型(“n沟道”设备)材料。后者比p沟道更快,但更难制造。MOS器件于1964年进入商业市场。General Microelectronics(GME 1004)和Fairchild(FI 100)提供了用于逻辑和开关应用的p沟道器件;RCA引入了一个用于放大信号的n沟道晶体管(3N98)。由于其比双极器件更小的尺寸和更低的功耗,目前生产的微芯片中99%以上使用MOS晶体管。实现这种普遍性需要几十年的努力。(1964年里程碑)

                   

   上面CHM里把阿塔拉、江大原 1960年发明的以金属-氧化物-半导体(metal-oxide-semiconductor,MOS)器件作为“大事/里程碑”,与美国工程技术界评出二十世纪最伟大的 20项工程技术成就“Electronics 电子技术”时间表里,《1962 MOSFET is invented 1962年 发明MOSFET》、《1966 Self-aligned gate process for fabricating field effect transistors 1966年 用于制造场效应晶体管的自对准栅极工艺》并不太一致。

http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956

                   

   前几天(2023-08-16)发表的顶刊《NATURE》Perspective 观点“The future transistors 未来的晶体管”里的“The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a core element of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, represents one of the most momentous inventions since the industrial revolution. 金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET),是互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术的核心基础,代表自工业革命以来最重大的发明之一。”也是高度评价了MOSFET。

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06145-x

                                                              

二、江大原 Dawon Kahng 的专利《Electric Field Controlled Semiconductor Device 电场控制半导体器件》

https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/3102230

   江大原 1960-05-31 申请,1963-08-27 授权的场效应管的美国专利《Electric Field Controlled Semiconductor Device 电场控制半导体器件》,(U.S. Patent 3,102,230图片形式如下:

Dawon Kahng 1960   3102230 (1)_页面_1.png

(1)

Dawon Kahng 1960   3102230 (1)_页面_2.png

(2)

Dawon Kahng 1960   3102230 (1)_页面_3.png

(3)

Dawon Kahng 1960   3102230 (1)_页面_4.png

(4)

                                                              

三、阿塔拉 Martin (John) M. Atalla 的专利《Semiconductor devices having dielectric coatings 具有电介质涂层的半导体器件》

https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/3206670

   阿塔拉 1960-03-08 申请,1965-09-14 授权的场效应管的美国专利《Semiconductor devices having dielectric coatings 具有电介质涂层的半导体器件》,(U.S. Patent 3,206,670图片形式如下:

Martin (John) M. Atalla 1960   3206670 (1)_页面_1.png

(1)

Martin (John) M. Atalla 1960   3206670 (1)_页面_3.png

(2)

Martin (John) M. Atalla 1960   3206670 (1)_页面_3.png

(3)

Martin (John) M. Atalla 1960   3206670 (1)_页面_4.png

(4)

Martin (John) M. Atalla 1960   3206670 (1)_页面_5.png

(5)

                   

参考资料:

[1] 宋继强. 智能时代的芯片技术演进[J]. 科技导报, 2019, 37(3): 66-68.

doi:  10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.010

http://www.kjdb.org/CN/abstract/abstract15236.shtml

   Intel得出的结论是,CMOS功耗和性能表现要优于大部分半导体元器件。至少在最近的10年里,还是要以CMOS为主来制造芯片,其他的新技术可以与CMOS混合使用以提高性能、降低功耗或降低价格。

[2] 宋德生. 信息革命的技术源流[M]. 成都: 四川人民出版社, 1986-04.

[3] 2023-08-01,场效应晶体管/field effect transistor/邓先灿,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=62929&Type=bkzyb&SubID=80584

[4] 2023-08-19,金属-氧化物-半导体集成电路/metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuit/李志坚,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=148651&Type=bkzyb&SubID=100503

[5] 1960: METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (MOS) TRANSISTOR DEMONSTRATED

JOHN ATALLA AND DAWON KAHNG FABRICATE WORKING TRANSISTORS AND DEMONSTRATE THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL MOS FIELD-EFFECT AMPLIFIER.

https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/metal-oxide-semiconductor-mos-transistor-demonstrated/

[6] TIMELINE, Computer History Museum

https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/timeline/

[7] 美国国家工程院. Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century [EB/OL]. 

http://www.greatachievements.org/

[8] Electronics Timeline, the 20th century's greatest engineering achievements

http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956

[9] Martin (John) M. Atalla, National Inventors Hall of Fame 国家发明家名人堂

https://www.invent.org/inductees/martin-john-m-atalla

[10] Dawon Kahng, National Inventors Hall of Fame 国家发明家名人堂

https://www.invent.org/inductees/dawon-kahng

[11] Kahng, Dawon, "Electric Field Controlled Semiconductor Device," U. S. Patent No. 3,102,230 (Filed 31 May 31, 1960, issued August 27, 1963).

https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/3102230

[12] Martin (John) M. Atalla, "Semiconductor devices having dielectric coatings," U. S. Patent No. 3,206,670 (Filed March 8, 1960, issued Sept. 14, 1965).

https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/3206670

[13] 13 sextillion & counting: the long & winding road to the most frequently manufactured human artifact in history, David Laws, 2018-04-02, Computer History Museum

https://computerhistory.org/blog/13-sextillion-counting-the-long-winding-road-to-the-most-frequently-manufactured-human-artifact-in-history/

[14] Who invented the transistor? David Laws, 2013-12-04, Computer History Museum

https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-transistor/

[15] All about ciruit, Tyler Charboneau, Fathers of the MOSFET: Dawon Kahng and Martin Atalla

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/news/fathers-of-the-mosfet-dawon-kahng-and-martin-atalla/  

[16] Wei Cao, Huiming Bu, Maud Vinet, Min Cao, Shinichi Takagi, Sungwoo Hwang, Tahir Ghani, Kaustav Banerjee. The future transistors [J]. Nature, 2023, 620(7974): 501–515.   16 August 2023

doi:  10.1038/s41586-023-06145-x

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06145-x

[17] Sah Chih-Tang (萨支唐). Evolution of the MOS transistor-from conception to VLSI [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1988, 76(10): 1280 - 1326.   October 1988

doi:  10.1109/5.16328

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/16328

                                           

相关链接:

[1] 2023-09-03,[小资料] 1922~23年洛舍夫(Oleg Vladimirovich Losev)发现固体放大作用

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401338.html

[2] 2023-09-02,[小资料] 1935年海尔(Oskar Heil)的场效应管专利(图片)

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401242.html

[3] 2023-09-01,[小资料] 1926年利林费尔德(Julius Edgar Lilienfeld)的场效应半导体专利(图片)

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401136.html

[4] 2023-08-31,[小资料] 1949年肖克莱(William Bradford Shockley)的结型晶体管论文的引言(图片)和图片页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401002.html

[5] 2023-08-30,[小资料] 1948年巴丁、布拉坦(Bardeen, Brattain)的点接触晶体管专利(图片)

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400907.html

[6] 2023-08-29,[小资料] 1959年霍尔尼(Jean Amedee Hoerni)的平面工艺专利(图片)

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400737.html

[7] 2023-08-28,[小资料] 1959年诺伊斯(Robert Norton Noyce)的集成电路专利(图片)

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400618.html

[8] 2023-08-27,[小资料] 1959年基尔比(Jack St. Clair Kilby)的集成电路专利(图片)

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400524.html

[9] 2023-08-21,[征求意见稿] “半电路、半电磁场”电路:目标和现状

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1399839.html

[10] 2023-08-02,[小资料] 1952年杜默(G. W. A. Dummer)提出“集成电路概念 Integrated Circuit Concept”

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1397631.html

[11] 2023-05-01,“五一”国际劳动节:真空管 → 晶体管、集成电路 → “半电路、半电磁场”电路 → ……

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1386442.html

[12] 2019-07-17,[求助] 集成电路 Integrated Circuit 当前最新技术资料?

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189948.html

[13] 2019-07-14,有关集成电路 Integrated Circuit 的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189467.html

[14] 2019-03-17,[建议] 关于集成电路中研制可变电阻的建议

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1168144.html

[15] 2019-07-07,有关 Geoffrey W. A. Dummer 先生的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1188470.html

[16] 2019-07-13,有关 Mervin Joe Kelly 先生的网页

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189385.html

[17] 2019-07-01,[请教] 量子集成电路、量子芯片 Quantum Chip 今后30年内的实用前景?

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1187623.html

[18] 2021-08-10,[求证] ASML 腾飞的技术原因是什么?【immersion system】

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1299147.html

[19] 2022-09-24, 《信息革命的技术源流》第三轮阅读:创新真难!

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1356669.html

                                                    

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上一篇:[小资料] 1922~23年洛舍夫(Oleg Vladimirovich Losev)发现固体放大作用
下一篇:[小资料] 1963年霍夫施泰因(Steven Hofstein)、海曼(Frederic Heiman)的MOS场效应
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