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[小资料] 1935年海尔(Oskar Heil)的场效应管专利(图片)
海尔 Oskar Heil, 1908-03-20 ~ 1994-05-15
https://s3.amazonaws.com/pastperfectonline/images/museum_112/030/200335386.jpg
https://historysanjose.pastperfectonline.com/photo/0737F441-741D-4C76-9DE3-933994968670
一、MOSFET 是工业革命以来最重大的发明之一
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a core element of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, represents one of the most momentous inventions since the industrial revolution. 金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET),是互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术的核心基础,代表自工业革命以来最重大的发明之一。
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06145-x
除了宋继强老师 2019年发布的:“Intel 得出的结论是,CMOS功耗和性能表现要优于大部分半导体元器件。至少在最近的10年里,还是要以CMOS为主来制造芯片,其他的新技术可以与CMOS混合使用以提高性能、降低功耗或降低价格。”之外,上面前几天(2023-08-16)发表的顶刊《NATURE》Perspective 观点“The future transistors 未来的晶体管”也高度评价了 MOSFET 的意义。
在美国工程技术界评出二十世纪最伟大的 20项工程技术成就“Electronics 电子技术”时间表里,《1962 MOSFET is invented 1962年 发明MOSFET》内容如下:
1962 MOSFET is invented
The metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is invented by engineers Steven Hofstein and Frederic Heiman at RCA's research laboratory in Princeton, New Jersey. Although slower than a bipolar junction transistor, a MOSFET is smaller and cheaper and uses less power, allowing greater numbers of transistors to be crammed together before a heat problem arises. Most microprocessors are made up of MOSFETs, which are also widely used in switching applications.
1962年 发明MOSFET
金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)是由工程师 Steven Hofstein 和 Frederic Heiman 在 RCA(Radio Corporation of America 美国无线电公司)位于新泽西州普林斯顿的研究实验室发明的。尽管 MOSFET 比双极结晶体管慢,但它更小、更便宜、功耗更低,可以在出现热问题之前将更多数量的晶体管挤在一起。大多数微处理器由 MOSFET 组成,MOSFET 也广泛用于开关应用。
http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956
《1966 Self-aligned gate process for fabricating field effect transistors 1966年 用于制造场效应晶体管的自对准栅极工艺》内容如下:
1966 Self-aligned gate process for fabricating field effect transistors
In 1966 Dr. Robert W. Bower invents the self-aligned gate process for fabricating field effect transistors, providing the foundation for later developments establishing the core technology for the fabrication of high performance MOS integrated circuits.
1966年 用于制造场效应晶体管的自对准栅极工艺
1966年,Robert W.Bower博士发明了用于制造场效应晶体管的自对准栅极工艺,为后来的发展奠定了基础,为制造高性能MOS集成电路的核心技术奠定了基础。
http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956
在二十世纪最伟大的 20项工程技术成就“Electronics 电子技术”时间表里,有1962年发明MOSFET、1966年用于制造场效应晶体管的自对准栅极工艺,并没有 1962年 Wanlass, Sah, Moore 在“Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation 仙童半导体公司”研制出的 CMOS。
是不是“原始创新”(MOSFET)比“广泛应用”(CMOS)更重要?这怕是“以功利主义文化为主导的世俗文化”很难理解的。
基础研究是科技创新的源头。很多“卡脖子”技术问题,根子是基础理论研究跟不上,源头和底层的东西没有搞清楚。
二、1935年海尔申请的专利英国专利《Improvements in or relating to electrical amplifiers and other control arrangements and devices 放大器和其他控制装置和装置的改进或与之有关的改进》
CHM, Computer History Museum
的
RESOURCES
CLASSIC SEMICONDUCTOR PAPERS AND PATENTS
里,有海尔 1934-03-02 完成, 1935-03-04 申请,1935-12-06 授权的场效应管的英国专利《Improvements in or relating to electrical amplifiers and other control arrangements and devices 放大器和其他控制装置和装置的改进或与之有关的改进》:
1935 - Heil's patent on a "novel apparatus" to replace thermionic valves
"Improvements in or relating to electrical amplifiers and other control arrangements and devices" (British Patent 439,457; Filed March 5, 1935)
http://s3.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/heil-gb439457a-patent.pdf
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/resources/
图片形式如下:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
参考资料:
[1] 宋继强. 智能时代的芯片技术演进[J]. 科技导报, 2019, 37(3): 66-68.
doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2019.03.010
http://www.kjdb.org/CN/abstract/abstract15236.shtml
Intel得出的结论是,CMOS功耗和性能表现要优于大部分半导体元器件。至少在最近的10年里,还是要以CMOS为主来制造芯片,其他的新技术可以与CMOS混合使用以提高性能、降低功耗或降低价格。
[2] 宋德生. 信息革命的技术源流[M]. 成都: 四川人民出版社, 1986-04.
[3] 2023-08-01,场效应晶体管/field effect transistor/邓先灿,中国大百科全书,第三版网络版[DB/OL]
https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=62929&Type=bkzyb&SubID=80584
[4] TIMELINE, Computer History Museum
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/timeline/
[5] RESOURCES, Computer History Museum
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/resources/
[6] 1926: FIELD EFFECT SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE CONCEPTS PATENTED
JULIUS LILIENFELD FILES A PATENT DESCRIBING A THREE-ELECTRODE AMPLIFYING DEVICE BASED ON THE SEMICONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF COPPER SULFIDE. ATTEMPTS TO BUILD SUCH A DEVICE CONTINUE THROUGH THE 1930S.
https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/field-effect-semiconductor-device-concepts-patented/
[7] 1935 - Heil's patent on a "novel apparatus" to replace thermionic valves
"Improvements in or relating to electrical amplifiers and other control arrangements and devices" (British Patent 439,457; Filed March 5, 1935)
http://s3.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/heil-gb439457a-patent.pdf
[8] Who Invented the Transistor? Computer History Museum, 2013-12-04, David Laws
https://computerhistory.org/blog/who-invented-the-transistor/
[9] 美国国家工程院. Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century [EB/OL].
http://www.greatachievements.org/
[10] Electronics Timeline, the 20th century's greatest engineering achievements
http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3956
[11] Portrait of Dr. Oskar Heil, History San Jose
https://historysanjose.pastperfectonline.com/photo/0737F441-741D-4C76-9DE3-933994968670
[12] Biography: Oskar Heil, HandWiki
https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biography:Oskar_Heil
[13] Robert G. Arns. The other transistor: early history of the metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor [J]. Engineering Science & Education Journal, 7(5), 233–240.
doi: 10.1049/esej:19980509
https://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/10.1049/esej_19980509
[14] Wei Cao, Huiming Bu, Maud Vinet, Min Cao, Shinichi Takagi, Sungwoo Hwang, Tahir Ghani, Kaustav Banerjee. The future transistors [J]. Nature, 2023, 620(7974): 501–515. 16 August 2023
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06145-x
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06145-x
[15] Sah Chih-Tang (萨支唐). Evolution of the MOS transistor-from conception to VLSI [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1988, 76(10): 1280 - 1326. October 1988
doi: 10.1109/5.16328
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/16328
相关链接:
[1] 2023-09-01,[小资料] 1926年利林费尔德(Julius Edgar Lilienfeld)的场效应半导体专利(图片)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401136.html
[2] 2023-08-31,[小资料] 1949年肖克莱(William Bradford Shockley)的结型晶体管论文的引言(图片)和图片页
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1401002.html
[3] 2023-08-30,[小资料] 1948年巴丁、布拉坦(Bardeen, Brattain)的点接触晶体管专利(图片)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400907.html
[4] 2023-08-29,[小资料] 1959年霍尔尼(Jean Amedee Hoerni)的平面工艺专利(图片)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400737.html
[5] 2023-08-28,[小资料] 1959年诺伊斯(Robert Norton Noyce)的集成电路专利(图片)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400618.html
[6] 2023-08-27,[小资料] 1959年基尔比(Jack St. Clair Kilby)的集成电路专利(图片)
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1400524.html
[7] 2023-08-21,[征求意见稿] “半电路、半电磁场”电路:目标和现状
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1399839.html
[8] 2023-08-02,[小资料] 1952年杜默(G. W. A. Dummer)提出“集成电路概念 Integrated Circuit Concept”
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1397631.html
[9] 2023-05-01,“五一”国际劳动节:真空管 → 晶体管、集成电路 → “半电路、半电磁场”电路 → ……
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1386442.html
[10] 2019-07-17,[求助] 集成电路 Integrated Circuit 当前最新技术资料?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189948.html
[11] 2019-07-14,有关集成电路 Integrated Circuit 的网页
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189467.html
[12] 2019-03-17,[建议] 关于集成电路中研制可变电阻的建议
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1168144.html
[13] 2019-07-07,有关 Geoffrey W. A. Dummer 先生的网页
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1188470.html
[14] 2019-07-13,有关 Mervin Joe Kelly 先生的网页
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1189385.html
[15] 2019-07-01,[请教] 量子集成电路、量子芯片 Quantum Chip 今后30年内的实用前景?
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1187623.html
[16] 2021-08-10,[求证] ASML 腾飞的技术原因是什么?【immersion system】
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1299147.html
[17] 2022-09-24, 《信息革命的技术源流》第三轮阅读:创新真难!
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1356669.html
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