[感慨，搜集] 相关性与因果性：彩色的甘薯

   因果与相关是两个不同的重要概念。

   因果关系描述事物之间的影响机制，具有外延性和可预测性；相关关系描述所看到事物之间的表面现象，没有外延性和可预测性。

   即使这两个因素之间没有因果关系，仍可能会表现出虚假的相关关系；相反地，如果它们之间具有因果关系，也不一定表现出相关关系。

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=235393&Type=bkzyb&SubID=59860

因果性/causality/朱复康，中国大百科全书

甘薯长成下面这样，到底什么感觉？

到底什么是相关性？到底什么是因果性？甘薯的多因多果，谁来诉说？

图1  Dehydrated Sweet Potato Products

http://www.airdriedvegetables.com/dehydrated-sweet-potato-products/

Sweet potato have many types. It is planted all over China. Color like orange, purple, white…

红薯有很多种。 中国各地均有种植。 颜色如橙色、紫色、白色……

图2  The Different Types of Sweet Potatoes

https://diy.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/diy/fullset/2015/5/18/0/original-Nancy-Ondra_sweet-potato-sliced-13-varieties_s4x3.jpg.rend.hgtvcom.616.462.suffix/1431984451908.jpeg

图3  the ultimate purple sweet potato guide 1

https://www.friedas.com/the-ultimate-purple-sweet-potato-guide/

图4  Stokes Purple® Sweet Potatoes Stokes Purple® 红薯

https://www.friedas.com/the-ultimate-purple-sweet-potato-guide/

   Born in the U.S.A., Stokes Purple® sweet potatoes originated in Stokes County, North Carolina. They’re now grown commercially in the perfectly sandy soil of central California. Available year-round, these sweet potatoes have purple-tinted skin with a deep purple flesh that intensifies when cooked.

   Exclusive to Frieda’s, these unique Stokes Purple® sweet potatoes have a somewhat moist, moderately starchy texture and are mildly sweet with slight floral notes. They are a good source of vitamin C and contain a high level of anthocyanins—the antioxidant compound also found in blueberries that gives this potato its purple hue.

   Stokes Purple® 红薯出生于美国，起源于北卡罗来纳州的斯托克斯县。它们现在在加利福尼亚中部完美的沙质土壤中进行商业种植。全年供应，这些红薯皮呈紫色，果肉呈深紫色，煮熟后会变硬。

   这些独特的 Stokes Purple® 甘薯是 Frieda's 独有的，质地略带湿润，淀粉含量适中，略带甜味，带有淡淡的花香。它们是维生素 C 的良好来源，并含有高水平的花青素——这种抗氧化化合物也存在于蓝莓中，使这种甘薯呈紫色。

图5  Okinawan Sweet Potatoes 冲绳红薯

https://www.friedas.com/the-ultimate-purple-sweet-potato-guide/

   Believed to have come from the Aztecs of South America with the Spaniards to the Philippines and China in the 1490s, the plant of these sweet potatoes did not reach Japan until the 1600s. The initial planting was in Okinawa—the southern island of Japan—before they were cultivated throughout Japan, hence the name. Eventually these purple tubers ended up in Hawaii and became a part of the native menu—they are also known as Hawaiian sweet potatoes.

   With a creamy, beige skin on the outside and bluish-purple flesh on the inside, these sweet potatoes are grown in Hawaii for the U.S. market. Okinawan sweet potatoes have a mildly sweet flavor with notes of honey and a dry, very starchy texture. According to The Blue Zones by Dan Buettner, consumption of these potatoes is correlated to living a longer life.

   据信，这些红薯的植物在 1490 年代与西班牙人一起从南美洲的阿兹特克人来到菲律宾和中国，直到 1600 年代才到达日本。最初的种植是在日本南部岛屿冲绳，然后在日本各地种植，因此得名。最终，这些紫色块茎来到夏威夷，成为当地菜单的一部分——它们也被称为夏威夷红薯。

   这些红薯的外皮是奶油色的米色外皮，内是蓝紫色的果肉，这些红薯在夏威夷种植，销往美国市场。冲绳红薯具有温和的甜味，带有蜂蜜的味道和干燥，淀粉质的质地。根据 Dan Buettner 的 The Blue Zones 的说法，食用这些甘薯与长寿有关。

图6  Charleston Sweet Potatoes 查尔斯顿红薯

https://www.friedas.com/the-ultimate-purple-sweet-potato-guide/

   The Charleston sweet potato is not as widely available in grocery stores as some other varieties. Its purple flesh is slightly sweet with earthy notes but it is very dry and chalky in texture so it is commonly used in seasoned savory dishes as well as in Asian cuisine.

   查尔斯顿红薯在杂货店不像其他品种那样广泛供应。它的紫色果肉略带甜味，带有泥土味，但质地非常干燥和粘，因此通常用于调味咸味菜肴以及亚洲美食。

图7  I have grown many different varieties of Sweet potatoes

https://www.koiphen.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=391340&stc=1&d=1296190973

https://www.koiphen.com/forums/showthread.php?119851-Sweet-Potato

图8  I have grown many different varieties of Sweet potatoes

https://www.koiphen.com/forums/attachment.php?attachmentid=391339&stc=1&d=1296190973

https://www.koiphen.com/forums/showthread.php?119851-Sweet-Potato

图9  Types of Sweet Potatoes (With Images) and Why You Should Be Eating Them

https://paleoflourish.com/types-of-sweet-potatoes-with-images-and-why-you-should-eat-them

图10  Types of Sweet Potatoes (With Images) and Why You Should Be Eating Them

https://paleoflourish.com/types-of-sweet-potatoes-with-images-and-why-you-should-eat-them

图11  Stokes purple sweet potatoes look like this when raw and darken during cooking

https://tasteandcraze.com/home-and-garden/20-sweet-potato-varieties-youll-love-to-grow/

图12  23 Evidence-Based Benefits of Sweet Potatoes

https://www.well-beingsecrets.com/health-benefits-of-sweet-potatoes/

参考资料：

[1] 薯类营养/root and tuber crop nutrition/杨月欣，中国大百科全书

https://www.zgbk.com/ecph/words?SiteID=1&ID=50890&Type=bkzyb&SubID=119524

   甘薯、马铃薯、木薯等。

[2] 彩色红薯 - 百度百科

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%BD%A9%E8%89%B2%E7%BA%A2%E8%96%AF

[3] 科普中国，2018-09-05，小小红薯有“大学问” 不同颜色代表多种营养

https://www.kepuchina.cn/health/food/201809/t20180905_700616.shtml

相关链接：

[1] 2022-07-23，[感慨，搜集] 相关性与因果性：彩色的西红柿

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1348474.html

[1] 2022-07-21，[感慨，搜集] 相关性与因果性：彩色的胡萝卜

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[2] 2022-07-20，[感慨，搜集] 相关性与因果性：南瓜与观赏南瓜

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[3] 2022-07-19，[找茬] 相关性与因果性：生命现象的多起源可能性

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[4] 2022-07-18，[小思考，大困惑] 不能仅从一组时间序列分析得到因果性？

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[5] 2021-12-18，[资料汇集] 判断因果性

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[6] 2013-06-30，《中国“科学网大学”逻辑基础研讨中心》活动之四：因果性与逻辑

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-703983.html

[7] 2019-07-28，石油煤炭“形成地球时产生”成因的旁证：土卫六的甲烷

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1191503.html

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https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1265064.html

[2] 2022-06-19，[图片搜集] 长着“人脸”的螃蟹（其它）

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https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1343513.html

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https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1343775.html

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https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1336802.html

[6] 2022-01-25，[历史] 牛顿毁掉了胡克的肖像（画像）？

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1322603.html

[7] 2022-03-18，[搜集或科普] 月亮在天空运动的位置

https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1330000.html

[8] 2022-03-17，[搜集或科普] 太阳在天空运动的位置或轨迹

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[11] 2021-06-18，[搜集] “猪坚强”照片

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[14] 2020-10-13，天津市“垃圾分类”知识搜集

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[15] 2020-05-17，[求证] 可信健康长寿知识（汇集）

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[16] 2020-02-21，[资料搜集] 人体表面温度分布图

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[17] 2020-02-16，[资料搜集] 新生婴儿有什么用 What is the use of a newborn baby

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[18] 2019-10-12，PPT制作知识汇集（下载）

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[19] 2019-07-31，斯宾诺莎租住 Hendrick van der Spijck 的房子

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[20] 2021-07-12，[资料] 罗素的火鸡（Russell’s turkey）

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[21] 2021-02-02，那些都是好时光 Those were all good days

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   “布里丹之驴，Buridan's Ass”

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