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观察 | 美国高校的研发人员哪家多?
文| 贺飞(北京大学)
根据美国科学基金会(NSF)下属的国家科学与工程统计中心的“美国高等教育研发调查”
(Higher Education Research and Development Survey,简称HERDS)最新公布的2014财年的数据,直接给出了2010-2014年的前100所高校研发人员的人头统计数。
一个可供参考的国内高校的数据是,北大目前校本部理工科教学科研人员(含实验技术人员)总人数为1603人(其中实验技术人员282人),医学部教学科研人员1604人(不包括附属医院的),全校博士后总人数大约700人左右(含人文社科)。
高校名 | 2014年总人数 | 其中PI人数 | 其中其他科研人员人数 | 其中博士后人数 | 2010年总人数 | 2011年总人数 | 2012年总人数 | 2013年总人数 |
约翰霍普金斯大学 | 22,661 | 2,929 | 19,732 | 2,582 | 10,947 | 10,731 | 21,088 | 21,816 |
密执安大学(Ann Arbor) | 20,246 | 4,552 | 15,694 | 1,717 | 19,552 | 20,503 | 20,868 | 20,439 |
威斯康辛麦迪逊大学 | 17,579 | 2,840 | 14,739 | 990 | 17,945 | 18,194 | 19,067 | 18,740 |
明尼苏达大学, Twin Cities | 14,621 | 2,709 | 11,912 | 1,067 | 13,783 | 14,169 | 14,289 | 14,584 |
西雅图华盛顿大学 | 13,314 | 2,082 | 11,232 | 1,275 | NA | 12,572 | 12,435 | 13,680 |
宾夕法尼亚大学 | 13,254 | 1,731 | 11,523 | 294 | 13,805 | 14,108 | 14,017 | 13,570 |
德克斯农工大学, College Station and Health Science Center | 12,203 | 2,468 | 9,735 | 720 | 12,007 | 11,025 | 10,855 | 12,110 |
UCLA | 11,637 | 1,649 | 9,988 | 1,293 | 11,927 | 11,968 | 12,386 | 11,929 |
伊利诺伊大学, Urbana-Champaign | 11,271 | 1,132 | 10,139 | 698 | 11,716 | 12,772 | 12,529 | 11,120 |
斯坦福大学 | 11,065 | 1,085 | 9,980 | 1,704 | 8,461 | 8,894 | 9,525 | 10,411 |
宾州州立大学, University Park and Hershey Medical Center | 10,862 | 1,967 | 8,895 | 343 | 7,051 | NA | 11,723 | 11,652 |
圣迭戈加州大学 | 10,690 | 1,605 | 9,085 | 1,641 | 9,407 | 10,540 | 10,556 | 10,640 |
戴维斯加州大学 | 10,614 | 1,466 | 9,148 | 1,119 | 9,929 | 11,230 | 11,035 | 10,677 |
康奈尔大学 | 10,518 | 1,549 | 8,969 | 957 | 9,034 | 8,861 | 8,676 | 10,077 |
德克萨斯大学M. D. Anderson癌症中心 | 10,244 | 1,762 | 8,482 | 713 | 5,538 | 5,776 | 6,222 | 6,222 |
Ohio State U. | 10,121 | 2,102 | 8,019 | 657 | 9,099 | 9,414 | 9,381 | 9,364 |
Purdue U., West Lafayette | 10,022 | 1,354 | 8,668 | 447 | 10,916 | 11,082 | 10,144 | 9,923 |
U. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh | 9,996 | 1,837 | 8,159 | 631 | 8,081 | 8,786 | 10,574 | 10,257 |
伯克利加州大学 | 9,778 | 1,115 | 8,663 | 1,445 | 9,947 | 10,014 | 10,397 | 10,214 |
U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill | 9,331 | 1,842 | 7,489 | 952 | 9,487 | 10,569 | 10,577 | 9,480 |
U. Florida | 9,164 | 1,576 | 7,588 | 638 | NA | NA | 9,246 | 9,038 |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 9,162 | 994 | 8,168 | 1,741 | 8,236 | 8,599 | 8,942 | 8,949 |
Georgia Institute of Technology | 8,737 | 1,387 | 7,350 | 608 | NA | NA | 8,712 | 8,599 |
Northwestern U. | 8,699 | 1,183 | 7,516 | 681 | 9,693 | 9,411 | 8,854 | 9,237 |
U. Maryland, College Park | 8,522 | 1,372 | 7,150 | 312 | 7,600 | 8,290 | 8,500 | 8,431 |
杜克大学 | 8,425 | 1,500 | 6,925 | 711 | 8,109 | 8,748 | 8,125 | 8,587 |
Rutgers, State U. New Jersey, New Brunswick | 8,359 | 1,437 | 6,922 | 582 | NA | NA | 5,876 | 6,502 |
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State U. | 8,275 | 1,226 | 7,049 | 293 | 7,145 | 7,191 | 7,739 | 8,156 |
U. California, San Francisco | 8,159 | 1,352 | 6,807 | 1,368 | 8,185 | 7,900 | 8,191 | 7,952 |
Arizona State U. | 8,113 | 831 | 7,282 | 408 | 5,849 | 6,909 | 6,855 | 7,601 |
U. Arizona | 8,040 | 1,787 | 6,253 | 591 | 8,779 | 9,014 | 8,937 | 8,346 |
Columbia U. in the City of New York | 7,810 | 1,295 | 6,515 | 870 | 8,733 | 8,745 | 8,175 | 7,980 |
Washington U., Saint Louis | 7,785 | 1,316 | 6,469 | 754 | 8,133 | 8,353 | 8,287 | 7,962 |
U. Georgia | 7,552 | 363 | 7,189 | 333 | 5,794 | 6,988 | 7,338 | 7,221 |
哈佛大学 | 7,052 | 893 | 6,159 | 1,302 | 6,241 | 6,241 | 6,835 | 7,197 |
Vanderbilt U. | 7,022 | 1,035 | 5,987 | 740 | NA | NA | 5,842 | 5,862 |
Emory U. | 6,849 | 1,085 | 5,764 | 628 | 5,644 | 5,860 | 5,869 | 5,856 |
耶鲁大学 | 6,806 | 1,156 | 5,650 | 299 | 6,413 | 6,417 | 6,394 | 7,201 |
Michigan State U. | 6,779 | 844 | 5,935 | 539 | 5,535 | 5,132 | 5,911 | 6,719 |
New York U. | 6,712 | 1,148 | 5,564 | 646 | 2,123 | 4,575 | 4,768 | 4,990 |
U. Utah | 6,700 | 788 | 5,912 | 501 | 6,224 | 6,622 | 6,779 | 6,839 |
U. Southern California | 6,334 | 895 | 5,439 | 445 | 5,241 | 5,389 | 5,893 | 5,955 |
U. Nebraska, Lincoln | 6,284 | 592 | 5,692 | 278 | 7,185 | 5,312 | 5,573 | 6,002 |
U. Iowa | 6,274 | 976 | 5,298 | 348 | 6,686 | 6,633 | 6,627 | 6,495 |
U. Colorado Denver and Anschutz Medical Campus | 6,216 | 864 | 5,352 | 338 | 2,890 | 5,420 | 5,363 | 5,234 |
Iowa State U. | 5,957 | 852 | 5,105 | 424 | 5,557 | 4,436 | 6,111 | 6,065 |
U. Chicago | 5,735 | 910 | 4,825 | 618 | 4,659 | 5,024 | 5,581 | 5,573 |
U. Illinois, Chicago | 5,694 | 1,152 | 4,542 | 385 | 6,094 | 6,055 | 6,041 | 5,944 |
Florida State U. | 5,610 | 550 | 5,060 | 214 | 5,221 | 5,330 | 5,182 | 5,448 |
Washington State U. | 5,551 | 980 | 4,571 | 159 | 5,348 | 5,563 | 5,560 | 5,678 |
U. Maryland Baltimore | 5,448 | 935 | 4,513 | 379 | NA | NA | 5,856 | 5,697 |
U. Kentucky | 5,434 | 1,534 | 3,900 | 386 | NA | 6,529 | 5,881 | 5,482 |
U. Kansas | 5,360 | 765 | 4,595 | 312 | 4,068 | 4,769 | 4,671 | 5,015 |
U. Hawaii, Manoa | 5,336 | 377 | 4,959 | 74 | 4,350 | 4,511 | 3,651 | 4,452 |
SUNY, U. Buffalo | 5,064 | 862 | 4,202 | 352 | NA | NA | 4,979 | 5,012 |
North Carolina State U. | 5,005 | 1,149 | 3,856 | 368 | 4,468 | 4,936 | 5,088 | 4,684 |
U. Connecticut | 4,859 | 957 | 3,902 | 263 | 4,021 | 4,665 | 4,401 | 4,333 |
Carnegie Mellon U. | 4,813 | 513 | 4,300 | 215 | 3,539 | 4,025 | 4,595 | 4,828 |
U. Texas Southwestern Medical Center | 4,703 | 772 | 3,931 | 567 | 5,150 | 5,130 | 4,861 | 4,517 |
Colorado State U., Fort Collins | 4,695 | 902 | 3,793 | 327 | NA | NA | 5,198 | 4,706 |
U. Alabama, Birmingham | 4,571 | 689 | 3,882 | 253 | 5,197 | 5,218 | 4,959 | 4,656 |
Kansas State U. | 4,565 | 482 | 4,083 | 52 | 4,274 | 4,208 | 4,245 | 4,660 |
U. California, Irvine | 4,560 | 722 | 3,838 | 454 | 4,663 | 4,854 | 4,752 | 4,742 |
U. Oregon | 4,550 | 746 | 3,804 | 68 | 4,328 | 4,513 | 4,428 | 5,121 |
U. Rochester | 4,539 | 900 | 3,639 | 337 | 5,069 | 5,377 | 5,061 | 4,850 |
Oregon State U. | 4,435 | 1,072 | 3,363 | 160 | 4,528 | 4,537 | 4,625 | 4,569 |
U. Virginia, Charlottesville | 4,380 | 856 | 3,524 | 295 | 4,062 | 4,857 | 5,055 | 4,384 |
Indiana U., Bloomington | 4,344 | 440 | 3,904 | 172 | 4,262 | 4,491 | 4,668 | 4,372 |
Boston U. | 4,238 | 849 | 3,389 | 408 | 5,447 | 5,534 | 4,328 | 4,247 |
Indiana U.-Purdue U., Indianapolis | 4,236 | 751 | 3,485 | 290 | 3,889 | 4,061 | 4,264 | 5,023 |
Georgia State U. | 4,194 | 261 | 3,933 | 111 | 3,017 | 3,292 | 3,555 | 3,469 |
U. New Mexico | 3,975 | 653 | 3,322 | 211 | 3,547 | 3,381 | 3,890 | 3,886 |
U. Miami | 3,932 | 868 | 3,064 | 185 | NA | NA | 4,124 | 4,124 |
Mississippi State U. | 3,861 | 654 | 3,207 | 93 | 4,148 | 4,078 | 4,167 | 3,521 |
U. South Florida, Tampa | 3,820 | 1,379 | 2,441 | 314 | 3,215 | 3,377 | 3,208 | 3,089 |
U. Texas, Austin | 3,812 | 985 | 2,827 | 393 | 1,667 | 3,598 | 3,523 | 3,451 |
U. Tennessee, Knoxville | 3,761 | 384 | 3,377 | 243 | NA | 4,103 | 3,593 | 3,734 |
Brown U. | 3,602 | 548 | 3,054 | 380 | NA | NA | 3,881 | 3,790 |
Wayne State U. | 3,588 | 679 | 2,909 | 129 | 3,761 | 3,682 | 3,733 | 3,720 |
U. California, Santa Barbara | 3,554 | 477 | 3,077 | 376 | 3,241 | 3,622 | 3,621 | 3,631 |
Oregon Health and Science U. | 3,548 | 668 | 2,880 | 455 | 3,764 | 4,088 | 3,994 | 4,748 |
Baylor C. of Medicine | 3,480 | 705 | 2,775 | 524 | 4,150 | 3,548 | 3,572 | 3,817 |
Louisiana State U., Baton Rouge | 3,462 | 579 | 2,883 | 84 | 4,258 | 3,649 | 3,584 | 3,412 |
U. Missouri, Columbia | 3,454 | 605 | 2,849 | 281 | NA | NA | 3,454 | 3,454 |
West Virginia U. | 3,440 | 566 | 2,874 | 93 | 3,254 | 3,479 | 3,207 | 3,455 |
U. Notre Dame | 3,424 | 345 | 3,079 | 281 | 2,372 | 2,737 | 2,969 | 3,427 |
Utah State U. | 3,403 | 399 | 3,004 | 47 | 3,128 | 3,103 | 3,198 | 2,848 |
Texas Tech U. | 3,398 | 316 | 3,082 | 114 | 3,279 | 3,595 | 3,227 | 3,315 |
Tufts U. | 3,384 | 469 | 2,915 | 246 | NA | NA | 3,176 | 3,489 |
U. Massachusetts, Amherst | 3,283 | 539 | 2,744 | 236 | 3,575 | 3,667 | 4,027 | 3,407 |
U. Arkansas, Fayetteville | 3,279 | 498 | 2,781 | 71 | 3,288 | 3,447 | 3,295 | 2,927 |
U. Delaware | 3,264 | 494 | 2,770 | 278 | 3,038 | 3,285 | 3,288 | 3,233 |
U. Cincinnati | 3,216 | 607 | 2,609 | 190 | 3,502 | 3,572 | 3,580 | 3,655 |
U. Louisville | 3,198 | 575 | 2,623 | 163 | 2,237 | 2,469 | 2,320 | 2,268 |
U. Central Florida | 3,164 | 423 | 2,741 | 85 | 3,254 | 3,294 | 3,377 | 3,171 |
North Dakota State U. | 3,134 | 614 | 2,520 | 52 | 1,876 | 1,876 | 2,782 | 2,975 |
Case Western Reserve U. | 3,120 | 869 | 2,251 | 196 | 2,337 | 2,321 | 2,339 | 2,321 |
U. Colorado Boulder | 3,043 | 985 | 2,058 | 7 | 2,483 | 3,156 | 3,165 | 3,113 |
U. Oklahoma, Norman and Health Science Center | 3,035 | 502 | 2,533 | 242 | 3,255 | 5,311 | 3,530 | 3,905 |
U. Texas Health Science Center, Houston | 2,758 | 686 | 2,072 | 253 | 2,587 | 2,675 | 2,838 | 2,741 |
注:博士后人数包括在科研人力资源总人数中,这里的博士后一般是指那学获得博士学位5年内的目前仍在博士后岗位工作的人员。约翰霍普金斯大学的数据包括其应用物理研究实验室的科研人员数(2014年总人数为12,616人)。
数据来源:National Science Foundation, National Center for Science andEngineering Statistics, Higher Education Research and Development Survey.
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