Functional Behavioral Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Third Edition

Ennio Cipani, PhD

pages 54-67

there are at least five common methods,varying in form and reliability,for collecting evidence via an FBA

(a)behavioral interviewing

deprivation EOs

there are two categories involved in this section:

attention fucntions(i.e.,state of deprivation exists for attention)

tangible reinforcers(i.e.,state of deprivation exists with respect to certain items or activities and events)

注意方面：

想得到大人的注意，大人說等會

想得到大人的注意，大人又給不了

大人收回注意，把注意投放到別人身上

特定同伴的出現（某個同學出現會表現出問題行為，這個同學不在的時候不會表現出這樣的問題行為）

物品方面：

想要一樣東西，被告知等會（柔柔想用媽媽的手機看視頻，媽媽說視頻要緩衝，等一等，柔柔把手機搶過來仍在地上；柔柔想用打印機打印東西，老師說等一等，柔柔出手抓老師的👓）

想要一樣東西，被拒（得不到）

想要一樣東西，別人卻給了另外一樣

別人能得到，自己卻得不到

給的不夠（想要倆，卻只給了一個，想要更多）

活動方面：

想進行某種活動，被告知等會

想進行某種活動，被拒絕（不能進行）

別人可以做，自己不可以（婷婷洗頭，茵茵也想洗，老師說不可以，茵茵扁嘴想哭）

沒有足夠的時間從事自己喜歡的活動（恆哥喜歡貼珠子，隻讓他貼三分鍾就要把東西收拾好去進行另外一樣他不太喜歡的活動）

aversive EOs

questions for unpleasant social situations function:

被要求完成任務

被要求遵守遊戲規則

被批評和指正

不被支持（被否決）

被警告/威脅（自由活動時間被取消）

和一定的人進行互動

所處情境人太多

所處情境有新面孔

所處情境中有異性

與他人發生爭執

處於新環境

所從事任務時間過長

所從事任務難度大

需要採取什麼措施才能使問題行為消失？

questions to zero in on function

1.does the problem behavior appear to reliably produce the hypothesized contingency?

2.is the problem behavior more efficient and effective at producing such a contingency,in contrast to other behaviors that may(or may not)produce the same contingency?

3.in the case of an access function,does the behavior usually occur in the absence of the desired event or object(deprivation EO)?does the behavior stop once the desired outcome is produced?

4.in the case of an escape function,does the behavior usually occur in the presence(for advent)of the aversive,undesired event or object(aversive EO)?does the behavior stop once the desired outcome is produced?

(b)A-B-C descriptive analysis method

it requires teachers,facility staff,or parents to collect data in real time rather than recollecting past event.

description of the antecedent conditions,the client's behavior is delineated in the middle column,and the final column provides a description of the consequences of the behavior

trigger analysis with behavioral description

when determining function it is important to note two phenomena,first,one should find that there is a reliable relation under an EO between the problem behaviors and a maintaining contingency,second,the inefficiency of other behaviors to produce the desired outcome relative to the target behavior would also be apparent.

(c)scatter plot data

(d)analogue assessment

(e)in-situ hypothesis test