有机肥对中国温带农田土壤微生物群落多样性及土壤微环境的影响

甄珍, 刘海涛,王娜, 郭立月, 孟杰, 丁娜, 吴光磊, 蒋高明*

*通讯作者 （本文SCI引用 65，阅读18175）

中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室，北京，100093

中国科学院大学，北京玉泉路19号，100049

PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(10): e108555. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108555

(SCI citation 46) 

【摘要】 长期过量施用化肥，导致土壤微生物、群落结构和养分含量等退化，进而影响作物健康和土壤可持续生产力。本研究在玉米生长过程中，施用堆肥和微生物菌粉或其组合，精确测定土壤质量参数变化，为退化农田土壤修复提供一种快速有效的解决方案。比较了6种不同处理[不施肥（CK）、氮肥（N）、氮肥+菌肥（NB）、堆肥（M）、堆肥+菌肥（MB）、菌肥（B）]对土壤微生物数量、生物量、基础呼吸、群落结构多样性和酶活性的动态影响，以中国东部某温带农田不同玉米生长阶段表层土（0-20cm）作为盆栽实验基质。变性凝胶电泳（DGGE）指纹图谱分析表明，6种施肥处理的细菌和真菌群落结构和组成存在不同程度的差异。细菌和真菌群落Shannon指数在MB处理中最高，在N处理中最低。不同有机肥处理后，土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的变化导致土壤微生物特性差异。堆肥显著增加了土壤可培养微生物数量和生物量，提高了土壤呼吸和酶活性（p<0.01），而施化肥则相反（p<0.01）。B和NB对可培养微生物数量和微生物生物量的影响较小，对群落结构和土壤酶没有明显影响。研究结果表明，施用有机肥和菌料能迅速改善退化农田土壤微生物群落结构，增加微生物多样性。

Effects of Manure Compost Application on Soil Microbial Community Diversity and Soil Microenvironments in a Temperate Cropland in China

Zhen Zhen, Haitao Liu,Na Wang, Liyue Guo, Jie Meng, Na Ding, Guanglei Wu, Gaoming Jiang*

* Correspondence author

State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China

University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Avenue, Beijing, 100049, PR China

PLoS ONE, 2014. 9(10): e108555. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108555

(SCI citation 65, view 18175) 

Abstract The long-term application of excessive chemical fertilizers has resulted in the degeneration of soil quality parameters such as soil microbial biomass, communities, and nutrient content, which in turn affects crop health, productivity, and soil sustainable productivity. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and efficient solution for rehabilitating degraded cropland soils by precisely quantifying soil quality parameters through the application of manure compost and bacteria fertilizers or its combination during maize growth. We investigated dynamic impacts on soil microbial count, biomass, basal respiration, community structure diversity, and enzyme activity using six different treatments [no fertilizer (CK), N fertilizer (N), N fertilizer + bacterial fertilizer (NB), manure compost (M), manure compost + bacterial fertilizer (MB), and bacterial fertilizer (B)] in the plowed layer (0–20 cm) of potted soil during various maize growth stages in a temperate cropland of eastern China. Denaturing gradient electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting analysis showed that the structure and composition of bacterial and fungi communities in the six fertilizer treatments varied at different levels. The Shannon index of bacterial and fungi communities displayed the highest value in the MB treatments and the lowest in the N treatment at the maize mature stage. Changes in soil microorganism community structure and diversity after different fertilizer treatments resulted in different microbial properties. Adding manure compost significantly increased the amount of cultivable microorganisms and microbial biomass, thus enhancing soil respiration and enzyme activities (p<0.01), whereas N treatment showed the opposite results (p<0.01). However, B and NB treatments minimally increased the amount of cultivable microorganisms and microbial biomass, with no obvious influence on community structure and soil enzymes. Our findings indicate that the application of manure compost plus bacterial fertilizers can immediately improve the microbial community structure and diversity of degraded cropland soils.