中国生态文明建设（中英对照）连载之二十七

低碳经济的责任

本书由北京语言大学出版社出版，2014（教学课件光盘版） 作者 蒋高明

3.2.3低碳经济的责任

3.2.3 The Responsibility of the low-carbon-oriented economy

2009年9月的一天，中国生态学会办公室来了几位特殊的客人，他们是东风日产公司公关部的，总部在武汉。汽车行业的人到中国生态学会来干什么？

One day in September 2009, several special guests visited the office of the Ecological Society of China. They were from the Public Relations Department of Dongfeng Nissan Passenger Vehicle Company headquartered in Wuhan. What did they come for?

我以中国生态学会的副秘书长的身份，接待了东风日产公司的客人们。原来，他们有一个低碳产业方案，请求生态学会的专家提意见。这个方案中包括下面这样的内容：将厂区内的所有工业用水做到100%循环利用；所有公共卫生间使用循环水；在厂区建设“家乡林”，根据员工来自中国各地和日本本土的现实，考虑到员工的思乡情绪，请各地员工的代表种植家乡的树木，建成纪念林，同时提高厂区绿化率，也使用循环水；在全国销售的东风汽车，做到全程低碳排放，提高燃油利用效率；同时在内蒙古沙地植树造林，吸收汽车排放的碳，实现“碳中和”。

I was then Deputy Secretary General of the Ecological Society of China so I received them. It turned out that they had developed a low-carbon industry program and sought our opinion. The program included the following: to guarantee 100% recycling of the industrial water within their plants; to use the recycled water in all public washrooms; in consideration of the homesickness of employees from different parts of China and Japan proper, to build “hometown woods” in the plants, i.e., memorial woods with native trees planted by representatives from different regions, which would simultaneously increase the greening rate and be sustained by the recycled water; to ensure low-carbon emission and to improve efficiency of fuel oil use for Dongfeng Auto sold across China; to conduct forestation in the sandy areas of Inner Mongolia, to absorb the carbon emitted by automobiles and to realize “carbon neutrality”.

对于这一系列环保行动，我给予了他们充分的肯定，并就沙地造林和厂区绿化树种选择，提出了我的建议。东风日产公司的做法，最终得到环保部的肯定，被授予“中华环保奖”。在当年汽车销售不景气的情况下，日产汽车因较强的社会责任感获得了市场认可，他们的销售业绩遥遥领先。在“十二五”规划背景下，日产企业进一步推进低碳事业，围绕CO₂的削减、资源的有效利用、环境负荷物的削减这三大核心制定了《2011~2015 环境战略》。2011年，该企业实现废气排放监测达标率100%，厂界噪声监测达标率100%，固体废物综合利用率为96.5%，危险废物安全处置率100%。

I highly appreciated their actions and offered my suggestions as to the choice of greening tree species in sandy land forestation and tree planting in factory area. Nissan’s initiative was eventually recognized by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and awarded the “China Environmental Protection Prize”. Though the auto market was gloomy that year, Nissan’s strong sense of social responsibility greatly boosted its sales. Against the background of the 12^th Five-Year Plan, Nissan further promoted the low-carbon cause and formulated the Environmental Strategy for 2011–2015 focusing on three core issues: reduction of CO₂, effective use of resources, and reduction of environmental load. In 2011, the attainment rate of the company’s exhaust emission monitoring reached 100%; factory boundary noise monitoring reached 100%; the rate of multipurpose utilization of solid waste reached 96.5%; and the treatment rate of hazardous waste also reached 100%.

为什么东风日产企业会因为“低碳”而获得认可呢？

Why did the Nissan Company win recognition because of its “low-carbon” strategy?

原来，随着全球人口数量的上升和经济规模的不断增长，使用化石能源造成的环境问题越来越严重。废气污染、光化学烟雾、水污染和酸雨的危害，温室气体过量排放导致的气候变化，已被确认是人类不当生产、生活方式以及化石能源的过量利用带来的后果。在此背景下，“低碳经济”、“低碳技术”、“低碳发展”“低碳生活”、“低碳社会”“低碳城市”等一系列新概念应运而生，“低碳”成为中国经济政策中的一个热门词，成为各领域企业不可推卸的责任。

With the constant growth of the global population and economic scale, environmental problems caused by the use of fossil energy have become ever more serious. Exhaust pollution, photochemical smog, water pollution, acid rain, and climate changes caused by excessive emission of greenhouse gases were confirmed to be the consequences of human’s improper production and life-style as well as the excessive use of fossil fuels. Hence, a series of new concepts such as “low carbon economy”, “low carbon technology”, “low carbon development”, “low carbon life”, “low carbon society” and “low carbon cities” have emerged. “Low carbon” has also become a hot word in China’s economic policies and a compelling obligation for enterprises of various fields.

所谓低碳，顾名思义就是低量的碳，指的是使用少量的化石能源。低碳经济，就是指在可持续发展理念指导下，通过技术创新、制度创新、产业转型、新能源开发等多种手段，尽可能地减少煤炭、石油等高碳化石能源的消耗，进而减少温室气体排放，达到经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展形态。

As its name suggests, it means low amount of carbon and using a small amount of fossil energies. Low carbon economy refers to striving to reduce the consumption of high-carbon fossil fuels such as coal and oil through multiple means such as technological evolution, institutional innovation, industrial transformation and new energy development guided by the perception of sustainable development. It aims to reduce the greenhouse gas emission and to realize the win-win effect of economic and social development and ecological environmental protection.

在中国，低碳减排目标已经被纳入“十二五”规划，到2020年实现中国单位GDP二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%～45%。这是庄严的承诺，同时也是十分沉重的责任。

The goal of low carbon emission has been included in the 12^th Five-Year Plan, aiming to reduce the carbon dioxide emission level of 2005 by 40%–45% by 2020. This was a solemn promise and a tough responsibility at the same time.

中国政府在推进低碳经济建设上，主要从三个方面着力：（1）推进低碳能源系统建设，就是通过发展清洁能源，包括风能、太阳能、核能、地热能和生物质能等，逐步替代煤、石油等化石能源，从而减少温室气体排放；（2）支持低碳技术发展，包括清洁煤技术、二氧化碳捕捉及储存技术等；（3）加快低碳产业体系发展，包括火电减排、新能源汽车、节能建筑、工业节能与减排、循环经济、资源回收、环保设备、节能材料，等等。

The Chinese government concentrates on three aspects of low carbon economy construction: (1) to promote the construction of a low carbon energy system, i.e., to gradually replace fossil fuels such as coal and oil with clean energy sources such as wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal and biomass energy, etc. in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission; (2) to support the development of low-carbon technology, including clean coal technology and carbon dioxide capturing and storage technology, etc.; (3) to accelerate the development of low-carbon industry system, including thermal power emission reduction, new energy automobile, energy saving building, industrial energy saving and emission reduction, recycling economy, resource recovery, environmental protection equipments and energy saving materials, etc.

以深圳市为例，在新能源系统建设方面，深圳重点培育太阳能、生物质能、风电等产业，使新能源产业总产值在2015年达到2500亿元，新能源发电装机规模占全市总数的50%以上。在低碳产业方面，着重推进低碳交通产业，大力发展轨道交通，至2011年新建地铁157公里；支持新能源汽车产业，使其年生产能力达到20万辆；新建自行车道135公里，倡导民众自行车出行。在政府主导的投入外，更鼓励企业自主创新投入新能源产品开发。对于投入新能源研发的企业，政府给予最高800万元的资助；对于投入新能源研发的研究机构，政府给予最高500万元的资助。

Take Shenzhen as an example: with regard to new energy system construction, the city has intensively developed industries such as solar energy, biomass energy and wind power, etc., aiming to make the gross output value of the new energy sector reach 250 billion Yuan and the installation scale of new energy power generation count for over half of the city’s total in 2015. In terms of the low-carbon enterprise, Shenzhen has advocated a low-carbon transportation industry and strived to develop rail transportation, and to expand the newly-built subway network to 157 kilometers in 2011; by supporting the new energy automobile industry the city has boosted its annual production capacity to 200,000; new bicycle lanes have been extended to 135 kilometers, and people are advised to go out by bike. Apart from government investment, Shenzhen has also encouraged enterprises to conduct independent innovation input to develop new energy products. For enterprises investing in new energy development, the government will subsidize a maximum of 8 million Yuan; for research institutes investing in new energy development, up to 5 million Yuan will be offered.

低碳经济建设，从一个侧面推进着中国经济增长方式的转变，推进着经济结构的“低碳化”转型。除此之外，在“低碳生活”、“低碳社会”、“低碳城市”等一系列理念的影响下，从政府到民间、从企业到个人，都将为此付出更多的努力，成为经济结构转型的当事人、参与者、奉献者，同时也会成为受益者。

From one aspect, low carbon economy construction has promoted the change in the style of Chinese economic growth and the “low-carbonized” transformation of economic structure. In addition, influenced by a range of concepts such as “low carbon life”, “low carbon society” and “low carbon cities”, all parties, from the government to the public and from enterprises to the individuals, will make more efforts and try to become the clients, participants and dedicators as well as the beneficiaries in the transformation of economic structure.