主要研究：Here, we report a high‐quality genome assembly of a typical semi‐winter rapeseed cultivar, 'Zhongshuang11' (hereafter 'ZS11'), using a combination of single‐molecule sequencing and chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) techniques.

结果1-染色体组装：Most of the high‐confidence sequences (93.1%) were anchored to the individual chromosomes with a total of 19 centromeres identified, matching the exact chromosome count of B. napus.

结果2-重复序列：The repeat sequences in the A and C sub‐genomes in B. napus expanded significantly from 500,000 years ago, especially over the last 100,000 years. These young and recently amplified LTR‐RTs showed dispersed chromosomal distribution but significantly preferentially clustered into centromeric regions.

结果3-NLR基因：We exhaustively annotated the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) gene repertoire, yielding a total of 597 NLR genes in B. napus genome and 17.4% of which are paired (head‐to‐head arrangement).

结果4-重测序：Based on the resequencing data of 991 B. napus accessions, we have identified 18,759,245 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and detected a large number of genomic regions under selective sweep among the three major ecotype groups (winter, semi‐winter and spring) in B. napus.

结果5-NLR基因与选择清除：We found 49 NLR genes and five NLR gene pairs co‐located in selective sweep regions with different ecotypes, suggesting that a rapid diversification of NLR genes during the domestication of B. napus.

结论：The high‐quality of our B. napus 'ZS11' genome assembly could serve as an important resource for the study of rapeseed genomics and reveal the genetic variations associated with important agronomic traits.