COPE 是国际出版伦理委员会的简称。COPE对编辑出版中的作者署名、审稿、编辑、知识产权、期刊管理、发表后的更正等可能涉及行为失范或者学术不端的问题提出了可供借鉴的解决方案。

COPE_Core_Practices_0 (1).pdf

Core practices核心实践

Core practices are the policies and practices journals and publishers need to reach the highest standards in publication ethics. We include cases with advice, guidance for day-to-day practice, education modules and events on topical issues, to support journals and publishers fulfil their policies.

核心实践是期刊和出版者达到出版伦理最高要求的政策和实践。为了支持期刊和出版者在实践中实施出版伦理政策，我们提供了案例并附带具体的建议和指导意见，还配备了可供练习的教育模块，以及就某个话题的具体事件.

1. Allegations of misconduct 对行为失范的指控

Journals should have a clearly described process for handling allegations, however they are brought to the journal’s or publisher’s attention. Journals must take seriously allegations of misconduct pre-publication and post-publication. Policies should include how to handle allegations from whistleblowers.

期刊应制定明确的处理指控的程序, 无论指控是提交给了期刊编辑部还是出版商（ 谢谢武夷山老师的翻译建议!）。期刊必须重视对学术不端的指控，无论是出版前还是版后。制定的期刊政策中应当包括如何处理来自检举人员的指控。

2. Authorship and contributorship 作者署名和贡献者署名

Clear policies (that allow for transparency around who

contributed to the work and in what capacity) should be in

place for requirements for authorship and contributorship

as well as processes for managing potential disputes.

按照作者署名和贡献者署名的要求以及对可能出现的争端的管理程序，制定明晰的政策，使所有对该工作有贡献的人员及其能力得以公开透明地张显。

3. Complaints and appeals 投诉与申诉

Journals should have a clearly described process for handling complaints against the journal, its staff, editorial board or publisher.

期刊编辑部应该对针对期刊、编辑部职员、编委、出版商的投诉问题制订明确的投诉和申诉处理程序。

4. Conflicts of interest/Competing interests利益冲突/竞争关系

There must be clear definitions of conflicts of interest and processes for handling conflicts of interest of authors, reviewers, editors, journals and publishers, whether identified before or after publication.

必须对作者、审稿人、编辑、编辑部、出版商的利益冲突进行明确的界定，并明确处理利益冲突的程序，无论是在出版前还是在出版后发现了利益冲突问题。

5. Data and reproducibility数据与可复制性

Journals should include policies on data availability and

encourage the use of reporting guidelines and registration of

clinical trials and other study designs according to standard

practice in their discipline.

期刊应当提供数据获取政策, 鼓励期刊根据学科特点和标准实践，使用报道性指南，登记临床试验和其它研究设计。

6. Ethical oversight 伦理监管

Ethical oversight should include, but is not limited to, policies  on consent to publication, publication on vulnerable populations, ethical conduct of research using animals, ethical conduct of research using human subjects, handling confidential data and of business/marketing practices.

伦理监管应该包括并且不限于以下政策：许可出版，针对脆弱人群的出版，利用动物进行研究的伦理行为，以人为对象的研究的伦理行为，保密数据的处置，以及和商业行为或者市场行为。

7. Intellectual property 知识产权

All policies on intellectual property, including copyright and publishing licenses, should be clearly described. In addition, any costs associated with publishing should be obvious to authors and readers. Policies should be clear on what counts as prepublication that will preclude consideration. What constitutes plagiarism and redundant/overlapping publication should be specified.

包括版权和出版许可在内的各类知识产权政策都应当进行明确的描述。另外，出版相关的费用应当让作者和读者知晓。哪一类预出版论文不在期刊接受之列，期刊也应当有明确的政策。什么样的情形构成抄袭和重复发表也得具体。

8. Journal management 期刊管理

A well-described and implemented infrastructure is essential, including the business model, policies, processes and software for efficient running of an editorially independent journal, as well as the efficient management and training of editorial boards and editorial and publishing staff.

非常有必要提供描述清楚并且有效实施的架构体系，如，一个独立期刊有效运行以及对编委会成员、编辑人员、出版人员进行有效管理和培训所采用的商业模式、政策、过程以及软件。

9. Peer review processes 同行评议过程

All peer review processes must be transparently described and well managed. Journals should provide training for editors and reviewers and have policies on diverse aspects of peer review, especially with respect to adoption of appropriate models of review and processes for handling conflicts of interest, appeals and disputes that may arise in peer review.

所有的同行评议过程必须进行明确描述，并且管理得当。期刊应当对编辑人员和审稿人进行培训，并就同行评议所涉及的方方面面制定相应的政策，特别是采用何种评审模式、处理利益冲突的过程、对同行评议结果的申诉和争议等问题。

10. Post-publication discussions and corrections 出版后的讨论和更正

Journals must allow debate post publication either on their site, through letters to the editor, or on an external moderated site, such as PubMed Commons or PubPeer. They must have mechanisms for correcting, revising or retracting articles after publication.

期刊应当允许出版后的争论，可以是期刊网站上开辟评论论坛，或者是向编辑部写信, 也可以是在期刊以外的其他网站上，如PubMed Commons 或者 PubPeer。期刊必须要有对已发表论文进行改正、修改、或者撤销的机制。

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