The research studies included in this review focus on the use of nonwood plant fibers for building materials and panels. Studies address (1) methods for efficiently producing building materials and panels from nonwood plant fibers; (2) treatment of fibers prior to board production; (3) process variables, such as press time and temperature, press pressure, and type of equipment; (4) mechanical and physical properties of products made from nonwood plant materials; (5) methods used to store nonwood plant materials; (6) use of nonwood plant fibers as stiffening agents in cementitious materials and as refractory fillers; and (7) cost-effectiveness of using nonwood plant materials.