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On Research And Administration #7 – Q&A with Tsinghua students on careers
I held a Question and Answer class with Tsinghua graduate students for 1.5 hours the
other day. Instead of devoting the time to purely class room material they are studying. I
ask them to read all my previous blog articles on research and education and then
come in with questions on research and career.
While no audio recording were made of the session, the following more or less cover
what was discussed beyond stuff already contained in my previous blog articles. I
present them informally here for the benefit of other Chinese graduate students.
In my earlier blog articles, I discussed one recipe that I myself followed with good
success for picking research topics and problems. Here I'll present another
recipe for career decision making in life.
1. You start by making an HONEST assessment of yourself, your strong points
and weaknesses. No one knows this better than you.
2. Based on such assessment you decide on a realistic goal five years from now.
This will be a goal that you will be satisfied and happy with if you reached it five
years from now. For example, if you are a third year graduate student just starting
on your PhD thesis in a Chinese university and have decided on an academic
career, a realistic but not necessarily easy goal is that five years from now you
will be an assistant professor (or lecturer in Chinese university terminology) at
a major (say, top 20) university or a postdoc with a world class professor abroad.
An unrealistic goal would be that you want to be the youngest person admitted
to the Chinese Academy of Engineering or Sciences five years from now.
3. Based on what you know, estimate and decide if everything you are doing
currently is necessary and sufficient for you to reach your goal. Note this is
simply your best guess. No one can predict with certainty five year from now
and can do better than you
4. If yes, great. Continue with what you are doing
5. If not, consider midcourse corrections
6. Repeat steps 1-5 every six months based on new information
you have learned.
This recipe for life is in the best tradition of stochastic feedback control
and sequential decision analysis. While it is merely a guiding principle
which everyone must adapt for each particular decision and circumstance,
I myself have benefited from following such a recipe.
Students are often interested in the choice between industry vs. academic
career and the possibility of switching between the two. Furthermore within
each choice, one needs to make another choice between administration
and research sometime in one's career. The pros and cons of an industry
vs. academic career are clear and need not be repeated. However, the
possibilities of switching between the two are not often discussed.
Generally speaking, it is easier to switch from academia to industry than
the other way around. Since the two different career paths have rather
different performance criteria. The switch cannot often be done without
penalties if at all. If you go to industry with the thought of returning to
academia, you best do it within five years and preferably within three years.
And while in industry try to accumulate a publication record which industry
generally does not value. After five years, the penalty you have to pay both
in terms of pay, rank, and family considerations will make the switch
almost impossible. But if you do it within three years, the penalties are
small and your industrial experience will in fact be beneficial in the longer
run. Another point when switch from industry to academia is possible is
after you have accumulated a distinguished industrial research career. You
can be valuable as a distinguished senior professor or administrator in
universities. On the other hand, the switch from academia to industry can
be done at many points in time and can be on trial basis often during
sabbatical leaves or part time by starting a company on the side. Flexibility
and freedom are main advantages of an academic career in return for lower
pay.
Within each path, one must decide between administration and pure
research. In industry, it is difficult to remain in pure research throughout
one's life even if you are very distinguished. The point is that “fame”
does not count for much; while profit and publicity are worth a lot more
in industry. The highest position one can aspire to if you want to keep in
some touch with science however little is “vice president for research”
in a company. If you are any good, you will be quickly promoted to
positions of administration and do less and less of science in industry.
In academia, the situation is rather different. Academic administrators
(at least in America) are routinely recruited from the professorial ranks.
You become department head, dean, and president as you move up.
But once you are an academic administrator, you are a little bit like a
过河卒子, 只可以進不退. To switch back from an academic
administrator to a professor successfully you must do it within five years.
Otherwise, the process can be rather painful for many reasons. On the
other hand, maintaining an active and productive research effort
throughout life is not easy either. Habits and entrenched thinking
make new ideas less easy to come by but not impossible (My
own best research idea came after I am 58 years old). This is
why they say research is a young person’s game.
Both career paths can be very satisfying. It is really a matter of y
our personality and disposition. Again I suggest you try applying my life
decision making recipe above. It is really nothing more than
不要自大, 要常常自己反省.
On another matter, I have commented previously on various
Chinese academic administrative rules that seem on the surface
unreasonable. But on closer reflection when one is more familiar
with the subtleties of the current Chinese environment actually makes
sense in the short run. For example, the Chinese university rule that a
PhD thesis must contain 4 SCI publications. While on the surface, this
seems an arbitrary and overly strict rule by any standard. I also understand
its necessity in the current condition despite its bad consequences of
substituting quantity for quality and the avoidance of advisor responsibility.
When I discussed this rule here with a colleague this time, he informs
me that it is in fact being gradually relaxed on an informal basis. If a PhD
thesis made a significant contribution and has been accepted for
publication in a prestigious journal of the field, then the 4 paper rule will
not be an impediment to graduation and can be waived on a case-by-case basis. This is very typical of the rapid changes taking place
continuously in China and is the main reason why I am optimistic
about her future.
However, simultaneously I became aware of a further requirement
of this rule in Chinese universities –namely, all four publications must
also carry the name of the advisor as a coauthor. This, in my opinion,
is a very bad requirement for both the student and the advisor at least
for the long haul. I believe it is generally agreed among the Chinese
scientific public that “innovation” and “asking the right question”
is not a strong suit among Chinese ph.ds. Too often students are trained
in “solving problems” and not in “posing problems”. Making the
student write a paper on his/her own is training for independent thinking.
I am also a strong believer that unless I contributed to the idea or in the
writing of a paper in a significant way, my name should not go on as co-author regardless whether or not I am dealing with colleagues or my own
students. Taking these two thoughts together, this rule of requiring
advisor’s name be a co-author on every PhD publication makes no sense to
me. All it accomplishes is to further delay the student's ability to be
independent and/or to unfairly benefit the advisor.
Of course, I understand the arguments behind this rule. Firstly,
many students in order to fulfill the required 4 publication rule for
PhD thesis will choose to publish papers on anything in low quality
journals that has nothing to do with his research. They may be the
result of outside industrial work he did to earn extra money. One can
argue that this requirement of co-authorship by the advisor is imposed
to insure some standards are applied since
the advisor is now made to be co-responsible for the publication. However,
my retort is that any self-respecting advisor would not want such arbitrary rules to
insure his/her effort. And any advisor who wants to abuse the system will
not be deterred by the intent such rules. In fact he will consider this a god
given opportunity. Under this rule and the rewards associated with a
quantitative count on number of publications, I'd also be incentivized to
supervise fifty to hundred ph.ds simultaneously.
Anyway, such considerations are difficult for Western observers of the
Chinese academic scene to understand but easy for them to condemn. I
t is also difficult for Chinese academics to explain the short term logic
behind such rules to the outside. This leads to the old saying, “East is
east and the West is west. The twine shall never meet”. Even in this day
of the World Wide Web, old truths die hard.
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