terahertz 刘桂锋

许教授，最近对知识发现感兴趣，有时间多指点，谢谢。

刘老师，您好。http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/arrowsmith_uic/index.html 主要用于生物医学领域的知识发现，我不太了解国内外其他学科领域有没有知识发现的系统？我觉得情报界对信息检索与分析已经非常熟悉并重视，但对知识发现不太熟悉和应用。因此我多做些实例介绍，希望科研人员，特别是情报人员能多研究和应用。

人体身高是患癌的风险因素，国际研究文献分析

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=280034&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=711450

知识发现平台  http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi

详细信息  http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/view_b_txt.cgi?ID=6307

job id # 6307 started Fri Jul 26 03:39:59 2013
Max_citations: 50000
Stoplist: /var/www/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed
Ngram_max: 3
A_query_raw: body height Fri Jul 26 03:40:19 2013

A query = body height started Fri Jul 26 03:40:38 2013
C_query_raw: body height Fri Jul 26 03:40:40 2013

C: body height 55383

A query resulted in 50000 titles
A: pubmed_query_A 55383

AC: ( body height ) AND ( body height ) 55383

C_query_raw: cancer Fri Jul 26 03:40:58 2013

C: cancer 2824670

A: pubmed_query_A 55383

AC: ( body height ) AND ( cancer ) 2922

C_query_raw: cancer Fri Jul 26 03:41:01 2013

C: cancer 2824670

A: pubmed_query_A 55383

AC: ( body height ) AND ( cancer ) 2922

C query = cancer started Fri Jul 26 03:41:02 2013
C query resulted in 50000 titles
A AND C query resulted in 2922 titles
32160 B-terms ready on Fri Jul 26 03:43:47 2013

Sem_filter:
Genes & Molecular Sequences, and Gene & Protein Names
1491 B-terms left after filter executed Fri Jul 26 03:44:41 2013

B-list on Fri Jul 26 03:48:56 2013
1 adiponectin
2 fdg
3 pten
4 leptin
5 fat mass
6 promoter polymorphism
7 metabolic syndrome
8 rankl
9 leptin receptor
10 genome wide
11 body mass index
12 hepcidin
13 fmr1
14 microrna
15 jak2
16 polymorphism promoter
17 codon polymorphism
18 polymorphism promoter region
19 ghrelin
20 homeobox
21 single nucleotide polymorphism
22 uncoupling protein
23 bone mineral density
24 sp1
25 promoter polymorphism associated
26 microsatellite
27 ptpn11
28 adiposity
29 calcium sensing receptor
30 aromatase
31 igf i
32 sglt1
33 stat5b
34 ppar gamma
35 hip
36 autophagy
37 gonadotropin releasing hormone
38 igf
39 glut4
40 nod2
41 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
42 tandem repeat
43 cftr
44 gstm1
45 igf2
46 cyp2c19
47 igfbp-3
48 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene
49 genome scan
50 fgfr3
51 estrogen receptor
52 nf kappab
53 flt-1
54 cannabinoid receptor
55 melanocortin receptor
56 follistatin
57 cyp2c9
58 ucp2
59 estrogen receptor alpha
60 minisatellite
61 mthfr
62 androgen receptor gene
63 cyp3a
64 mri
65 homeobox gene
66 bdnf
67 lip
68 dax-1
69 cyp19a1
70 contrast enhancement
71 pet
72 body mass
73 hiv
74 socs3
75 nf1
76 androgen receptor
77 exon skipping
78 hrt
79 caspase-9
80 cystatin c
81 diabetes mellitus
82 adrenomedullin
83 timp-1
84 caga
85 leptin gene
86 inflammatory bowel disease
87 receptor gene
88 e polymorphism
89 igfbp-2
90 gdnf
91 gene promoter
92 transcription factor
93 quantitative trait locus
94 sms
95 gli3
96 sox10
97 leptin receptor gene
98 e gene polymorphism
99 hdl
100 caspase-3
101 shc
102 ku
103 ppargamma
104 nsd1
105 myogenin
106 h19
107 myostatin
108 intron
109 genome screen
110 pcr
111 signal regulated kinase
112 glycogen synthase
113 cdk6
114 apolipoprotein e
115 rct
116 yo
117 cyp1a2
118 han
119 osterix
120 runx2
121 ivf
122 pthrp
123 cystatin
124 myostatin gene
125 related gene
126 cytokine
127 hyperparathyroidism
128 eralpha
129 lean body mass
130 exon
131 statin
132 ppar
133 pfos
134 genomic
135 gnas
136 plgf
137 flap
138 hyperinsulinemia
139 q11
140 adiponectin receptor
141 femur
142 mxa
143 snp
144 kruppel factor
145 vitamin d receptor
146 homeodomain protein
147 socs2
148 insulin growth factor
149 collagen induced arthritis
150 lhrh
151 sox10 gene
152 gene family
153 homeobox containing
154 diabetes
155 gene patient
156 growth factor gene
157 gh
158 p53
159 esr2
160 twin
161 q13
162 lh
163 intron polymorphism
164 tnfr2
165 notch1
166 parathyroid hormone
167 collagen gene
168 cyp2b6
169 gnrh
170 mmp-2
171 lmna
172 endothelin
173 node
174 mb
175 pomc
176 promoter
177 anti mullerian hormone
178 lamin
179 estrogen receptor gene
180 g protein
181 intronic
182 fsh
183 promoter haplotype
184 growth hormone receptor
185 tcm
186 functional polymorphism promoter
187 cytokine gene
188 cd34
189 gene cluster
190 ct
191 igfbp-1
192 genome
193 gene col2a1
194 bone morphogenetic protein
195 xa
196 dmh
197 20s
198 cyp17
199 flnb
200 trpv4
201 protein tyrosine phosphatase
202 tgfbeta
203 visfatin
204 g polymorphism
205 candidate gene
206 fasting blood glucose
207 apelin
208 il-6
209 aromatase gene
210 high mobility group
211 transferrin receptor
212 hypercholesterolemia
213 sib
214 cleft lip
215 nph
216 premature ovarian failure
217 egfr
218 cyp1a1
219 precocious
220 celiac disease
221 multiple endocrine neoplasia
222 hmga2
223 immediate early gene
224 rna
225 cag
226 gene encoding
227 dopamine receptor
228 lfa-1
229 race
230 orbit
231 comt
232 apolipoprotein b
233 promoter methylation
234 irs-1
235 ras
236 mc4r
237 tnfalpha
238 promoter region
239 tgf beta
240 meld
241 microsatellite analysis
242 promoter activity
243 apoptosis related gene
244 cd40
245 nail
246 alu
247 ck
248 balloon
249 atrioventricular septal defect
250 polycystic ovary syndrome
251 corticotropin releasing hormone
252 tyrosine phosphatase
253 gerd
254 nijmegen breakage syndrome
255 receptor promoter
256 pparalpha
257 cathepsin k
258 epidermal growth factor
259 obese
260 timp-2
261 copy
262 promoter human
263 rdna
264 fat
265 diabetic nephropathy
266 cytochrome p-450
267 growth hormone
268 laminin
269 adducin
270 tyrosine kinase
271 pth
272 foxc1
273 polymorphism gene
274 lon
275 calpastatin
276 igf-1
277 pdgfra
278 gene environment
279 sirt1
280 seckel syndrome
281 insulin receptor
282 gpcr
283 fasn
284 receptor kinase
285 hsp70
286 dkk1
287 aryl hydrocarbon receptor
288 bmp4
289 bmp-2
290 t4
291 opioid receptor
292 alpha promoter
293 ret
294 gpr30
295 mitochondrial gene
296 glucocorticoid receptor
297 gene expressed
298 p22
299 susceptibility gene
300 signal peptide
301 killer
302 str
303 tgf beta1
304 rev
305 enhancer
306 igfbp-4
307 genomic imprinting
308 apoe
309 gene promoter associated
310 perilipin
311 lean
312 reductase gene
313 fabp2
314 crest
315 long bone
316 igfbp3
317 kinase
318 3d
319 icam-1
320 calpain
321 er alpha
322 codon
323 milk
324 guar
325 factor beta1 gene
326 interleukin
327 cyp11b2
328 sun
329 mmp-9
330 noggin
331 tsh
332 cpap
333 obesity
334 cx43
335 early gene
336 proinsulin
337 klotho
338 chloride channel
339 alpha gene
340 28s
341 e genotype
342 gene chinese
343 sir
344 vldl
345 hyperlipidemia
346 icp
347 alopecia
348 p11
349 factor i
350 col2a1
351 gene familial
352 s100b
353 prolactin
354 copd
355 bph
356 vein
357 sos
358 corn
359 neuropeptide y
360 progesterone receptor
361 carpal tunnel syndrome
362 body weight
363 gene association
364 bak
365 trait
366 ggn
367 hmg coa reductase
368 alfa
369 glucose transporter
370 fibroblast growth factor
371 mscs
372 chi
373 pain
374 connexin
375 tcr
376 domain
377 glutathione s transferase
378 igf1r
379 ghrh
380 lepr
381 hydrocephalus
382 essential tremor
383 opg
384 chd
385 ish
386 polo
387 gen
388 calcitonin receptor
389 klotho gene
390 p21
391 ida
392 decorin
393 cd4
394 tnf alpha
395 ob
396 enpp1
397 ldl
398 human genome
399 apolipoprotein a
400 allele polymorphism
401 esr1
402 ppardelta
403 renal failure
404 ru486
405 whi
406 receptor gene expression
407 breakpoint
408 limb
409 bf
410 titan
411 peroxisome
412 fasting glucose
413 novel gene

RANKL与身高研究有3篇文献；与癌症研究有11篇文献。

RANKL的定义与相关知识和信息如下：

Not to be confused with RANK, the osteoclast cell-surface receptor that binds to RANKL.

"TRANCE" redirects here. For other uses, see Trance (disambiguation).

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), and osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF11gene.^[1][2]

Critical for adequate bone metabolism, this surface-bound molecule (also known as CD254) found on osteoblasts serves to activate osteoclasts, which are the cells involved in bone resorption. Osteoclastic activity is triggered via the osteoblasts' surface-bound RANKL activating the osteoclasts' surface-bound receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK).

Function[edit]

RANKL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family which is a ligand for osteoprotegerin and functions as a key factor for osteoclast differentiation and activation. RANKL also has a function in the immune system, where it is expressed by T helper cells and is thought to be involved in dendritic cell maturation. This protein was shown to be a dendritic cell survival factor and is involved in the regulation of T cell-dependent immune response. T cell activation was reported to induce expression of this gene and lead to an increase of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis.^[3]

Animal models[edit]

Targeted disruption of the related gene in mice led to severe osteopetrosis and a lack of osteoclasts. The deficient mice exhibited defects in early differentiation of T and B lymphocytes, and failed to form lobulo-alveolar mammary structures during pregnancy.^[3]

Clinical significance[edit]Bone[edit]

Overproduction of RANKL is implicated in a variety of degenerative bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The first FDA-approved RANKL inhibitor was denosumab (to treat osteoporosis in post menopausal women).

Breast cancer[edit]

Treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic progestin that is used in birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy, is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. MPA causes a substantial induction of RANKL in mammary-gland epithelial cells while deletion of RANKL decreases the incidence MPA-induced breast cancer. Hence inhibition of RANKL has potential for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.^[4][5]

See also[edit]

• Cluster of differentiation

• RANK

• Osteoprotegerin

• Osteoimmunology

References[edit]

1. ^Wong BR, Rho J, Arron J, Robinson E, Orlinick J, Chao M, Kalachikov S, Cayani E, Bartlett FS, Frankel WN, Lee SY, Choi Y (October 1997). "TRANCE is a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase in T cells". J. Biol. Chem.272 (40): 25190–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.40.25190. PMID 9312132. 

2. ^Anderson DM, Maraskovsky E, Billingsley WL, Dougall WC, Tometsko ME, Roux ER, Teepe MC, DuBose RF, Cosman D, Galibert L (November 1997). "A homologue of the TNF receptor and its ligand enhance T-cell growth and dendritic-cell function". Nature390 (6656): 175–9. doi:10.1038/36593. PMID 9367155. 

3. ^ ^ab"Entrez Gene: TNFSF11 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11". 

4. ^Schramek D, Leibbrandt A, Sigl V, Kenner L, Pospisilik JA, Lee HJ, Hanada R, Joshi PA, Aliprantis A, Glimcher L, Pasparakis M, Khokha R, Ormandy CJ, Widschwendter M, Schett G, Penninger JM (November 2010). "Osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL controls development of progestin-driven mammary cancer". Nature468 (7320): 98–102. doi:10.1038/nature09387. PMID 20881962. 

5. ^Gonzalez-Suarez E, Jacob AP, Jones J, Miller R, Roudier-Meyer MP, Erwert R, Pinkas J, Branstetter D, Dougall WC (November 2010). "RANK ligand mediates progestin-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis". Nature468 (7320): 103–7. doi:10.1038/nature09495. PMID 20881963. 

Further reading[edit]

• Whyte M (2006). "The long and the short of bone therapy". N Engl J Med354 (8): 860–3. doi:10.1056/NEJMe068003. PMID 16495400. link

• Buckley KA, Fraser WD (2003). "Receptor activator for nuclear factor kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin: regulators of bone physiology and immune responses/potential therapeutic agents and biochemical markers.". Ann. Clin. Biochem.39 (Pt 6): 551–6. doi:10.1258/000456302760413324. PMID 12564836. 

• Jeffcoate W (2005). "Vascular calcification and osteolysis in diabetic neuropathy-is RANK-L the missing link?". Diabetologia47 (9): 1488–92. doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1477-5. PMID 15322748. 

• Collin-Osdoby P (2005). "Regulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerin.". Circ. Res.95 (11): 1046–57. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000149165.99974.12. PMID 15564564. 

• Whyte MP, Mumm S (2005). "Heritable disorders of the RANKL/OPG/RANK signaling pathway.". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions4 (3): 254–67. PMID 15615493. 

• Clohisy DR, Mantyh PW (2005). "Bone cancer pain and the role of RANKL/OPG.". Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions4 (3): 293–300. PMID 15615497. 

• Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM (2006). "Anti-RANKL therapy for inflammatory bone disorders: Mechanisms and potential clinical applications.". J. Cell. Biochem.97 (2): 226–32. doi:10.1002/jcb.20674. PMID 16240334. 

• Baud'huin M, Duplomb L, Ruiz Velasco C, et al. (2007). "Key roles of the OPG-RANK-RANKL system in bone oncology.". Expert Rev Anticancer Ther7 (2): 221–32. doi:10.1586/14737140.7.2.221. PMID 17288531. 

• Yogo K, Ishida-Kitagawa N, Takeya T (2007). "Negative autoregulation of RANKL and c-Src signaling in osteoclasts.". J. Bone Miner. Metab.25 (4): 205–10. doi:10.1007/s00774-007-0751-2. PMID 17593489. 

• Boyce BF, Xing L (2007). "Biology of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin.". Arthritis Res. Ther. 9 Suppl 1: S1. doi:10.1186/ar2165. PMC 1924516. PMID 17634140. 

• McClung M (2007). "Role of RANKL inhibition in osteoporosis.". Arthritis Res. Ther. 9 Suppl 1: S3. doi:10.1186/ar2167. PMC 1924518. PMID 17634142. 

External links[edit]

• RANKL Signaling Pathway

• RANKL Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[show] v t e PDB gallery ​ 1s55: Mouse RANKL Structure at 1.9A Resolution ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

[show] v t e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation) ​ 1-50 CD1 a-c 1A 1D 1E     CD2 CD3 γ δ ε     CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a     CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d     CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B     CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B     CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d     CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f     CD50 ​ 51-100 CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P     CD63 CD64 A B C     CD66 a b c d e f     CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b     CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k     CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100 ​ 101-150 CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b     CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b     CD121 a b     CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150 ​ 151-200 CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c     CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c     CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b     CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g     CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b     CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200 ​ 201-250 CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b     CD212 CD213a 1 2     CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b     CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249 ​ 251-300 CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299 ​ 301-350 CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

[show] v t e Cell signaling: cytokines ​ By family Chemokine CCL CCL1 CCL2/MCP-1 CCL3/MIP-1α CCL4/MIP-1β CCL5/RANTES CCL6 CCL7 CCL8 CCL9 CCL11 CCL12 CCL13 CCL14 CCL15 CCL16 CCL17 CCL18 CCL19 CCL20 CCL21 CCL22 CCL23 CCL24 CCL25 CCL26 CCL27 CCL28 ​ CXCL CXCL1/KC CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL4 CXCL5 CXCL6 CXCL7 CXCL8/IL8 CXCL9 CXCL10 CXCL11 CXCL12 CXCL13 CXCL14 CXCL15 CXCL16 CXCL17 ​ CX3CL CX3CL1 ​ XCL XCL1 XCL2 ​ TNF TNFA Lymphotoxin TNFB/LTA TNFC/LTB     TNFSF4 TNFSF5/CD40LG TNFSF6 TNFSF7 TNFSF8 TNFSF9 TNFSF10 TNFSF11 TNFSF13B EDA ​ Interleukin Type I (grouped by receptor subunit) γ-chain IL2/IL15 IL4/IL13 IL7 IL9 IL21 ​ β-chain IL3 IL5 GM-CSF ​ IL6 like/gp130 IL6 IL11 IL27 IL30 IL31 +non IL OSM LIF CNTF CTF1     ​ IL-12 family/IL12RB1 IL12 IL23 IL27 IL35 ​ Other IL14 IL16 IL32 IL34 ​ Type II IL 10 family IL10/IL22 IL19 IL20 IL24 IL26 Interferon type III IL28/IFNL2+3 IL29/IFNL1     ​ Interferon I IFNA1 IFNA2 IFNA4 IFNA5 IFNA6 IFNA7 IFNA8 IFNA10 IFNA13 IFNA14 IFNA16 IFNA17 IFNA21 IFNB1 IFNK IFNW1 ​ II IFNG ​ Ig superfamily IL-1 family: IL1A/IL1F1 IL1B/IL1F2 1Ra/IL1F3 IL1F5 IL1F6 IL1F7 IL1F8 IL1F9 IL1F10 33/IL1F11 18/IL1G ​ IL 17 family IL17/IL25 (IL17A) ​ Other Hematopoietic KITLG Colony-stimulating factor     SPP1 ​ By function/ cell proinflammatory cytokine IL1 TNFA     Monokine Lymphokine Th1 IFNG TNFB     Th2 IL4 IL5 IL6 IL10 IL13         ​ Btrdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RANKL&oldid=555789422"

Categories:

• Human proteins

• Cytokines

• Clusters of differentiation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RANKL