本文为瑞典布莱金技术学院（作者：Svante Björklund）的博士论文，共190页。

雷达（无线电探测和测距）是利用无线电波探测目标的存在，并测量其位置和其他特性。雷达传感器具有监视范围大、昼夜全天候工作等优点，在民用和军事上有着广泛的应用。本论文的研究工作主要集中在两个相对独立的研究领域：1）阵列天线雷达和2）微多普勒雷达。具有阵列天线的雷达是指该阵列天线在同一空间由几个小天线组成。与传统的单天线雷达相比，阵列天线雷达具有更高的灵活性、更高的容量、多种雷达功能，同时提高了可靠性，从而使新的信号处理成为可能，并提供了新的功能和更高的性能。

本文对阵列天线雷达的贡献主要体现在三个方面。第一种是应用于雷达和实际测量数据的高分辨率DOA（到达方向）估计（HRDE）。HRDE在雷达等领域有着重要的应用价值，可以提供新的功能，并提高性能。第二个方面是抑制干扰（杂波、直接路径干扰和散射干扰），这通常是检测和定位目标所必需的。本文在干扰信号特性、天线几何结构和子阵设计以及干扰抑制方法方面给出了各种相应的结果。第三个方面是测量技术，本文提出了两种测量设计，一种是类雷达测量，一种是散射信号测量。

具有微多普勒测量功能的雷达：人们越来越关心和需要在短距离内进行安全、安保和军事监视。主要任务包括探测目标，如人、动物、汽车、船只、小型飞机和无人机；对目标类型和目标活动进行分类；区分目标个体以及预测目标意图。一种方法是利用微多普勒雷达来完成这些任务。微多普勒是由目标内部运动产生的，比如人和动物的胳膊、腿，汽车轮子和无人机旋翼。本文利用微多普勒技术给出了用于分类的特征提取、目标类型（人、动物和人造物体）和人体步态的分类以及用于同一人类个体再识别的微多普勒特征信息。它还证明了使用不同类型的雷达进行微多普勒测量的能力。微多普勒雷达的主要结论是，它应该可以用于安全、安保和军事监视应用。

Radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging) uses radio waves to detect thepresence of a target and measure its position and other properties. This sensorhas found many civilian and military applications due to advantages such aspossible large surveillance areas and operation day and night and in allweather. The contributions of this thesis are within applied signal processingfor radar in two somewhat separate research areas: 1) radar with array antennasand 2) radar with micro-Doppler measurements. Radar witharray antennas: An array antenna consists of several smallantennas in the same space as a single large antenna. Compared to a traditionalsingle-antenna radar, an array antenna radar gives higher flexibility, higher capacity,several radar functions simultaneously and increased reliability, and makes newtypes of signal processing possible which give new functions and higher performance.The contributions on array antenna radar in this thesis are in three different problemareas. The first is High Resolution DOA (Direction Of Arrival) Estimation(HRDE) as applied to radar and using real measurement data. HRDE is useful inseveral applications, including radar applications, to give new functions andimprove the performance. The second problem area is suppression of interference(clutter, direct path jamming and scattered jamming) which often is necessaryin order to detect and localize the target. The thesis presents various resultson interference signal properties, antenna geometry and subarray design, and oninterference suppression methods. The third problem area is measurementtechniques for which the thesis suggests two measurement designs, one forradar-like measurements and one for scattered signal measurements. Radarwith micro-Doppler measurements: There is an increasinginterest and need for safety, security and military surveillance at shortdistances. Tasks include detecting targets, such as humans, animals, cars,boats, small aircraft and consumer drones; classifying the target type andtarget activity; distinguishing between target individuals; and also predictingtarget intention. An approach is to employ micro-Doppler radar to perform thesetasks. Micro-Doppler is created by the movement of internal parts of thetarget, like arms and legs of humans and animals, wheels of cars and rotors ofdrones. Using micro-Doppler, this thesis presents results on feature extractionfor classification; on classification of targets types (humans, animals andman-made objects) and human gaits; and on information in micro-Dopplersignatures for re-identification of the same human individual. It alsodemonstrates the ability to use different kinds of radars for micro-Dopplermeasurements. The main conclusion about micro-Doppler radar is that it shouldbe possible to use for safety, security and military surveillance applications.

1. 研究动机与回顾

2. 雷达基础

2.1 雷达原理

2.2 雷达应用

2.3 雷达的优缺点

2.4 雷达信号处理

3. 阵列天线雷达

3.1 一些相关应用

3.2 雷达信号模型

3.3 干扰中的运动目标检测

3.4 到达角的高精度估计

4. 具有微多普勒测量功能的雷达

4.1 简介

4.2 雷达中的微多普勒研究

4.3 微多普勒雷达中的信号处理

5. 已发表的论文

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