本文为美国密苏里大学罗拉分校（作者：FRANKLIN DELANO HOCKETT）的硕士论文，共80页。

一个接近目标的雷达制导导弹导引头会到达一个交叉点，越过这个交叉点，整个目标将被导弹导引头的雷达天线波束照亮。当这种情况发生时，对于一个复杂的目标，雷达探测到一个时变的目标中心位置，这可能使导引头飞行的末端跟踪部分变得非常复杂。本文研究了目前使用的各种闪烁模型，并通过导引头比较了这些模型的性能，以确定闪烁对末端跟踪性能的影响。

本文编制了大量数据来描述复杂目标的各种雷达特性。本文所讨论的一些闪烁模型是独立研究的结果，有些模型是解析推导的。由于散射在目标车辆反射面上的随机性，以及目标方位的不断变化，从复杂目标反射回来的能量通常是具有统计性质的。

当导引头试图捕获目标或接近目标时，雷达目标的反射特性受到关注。为了确定各种雷达方案的远程捕获能力，记录了大量的数据。在过去的几十年里，人们对海杂波背景下的目标捕获进行了深入研究，而如今改进的技术（运动目标指示和脉冲压缩）使中等功率的雷达能够在高海况下捕获非常小的目标。在远距离上，单个目标元素呈现统一的振幅响应（或显示为点源）。采集过程中的主要问题是将观察区域缩小到与目标相当的尺寸，以便能够区分目标回波。这一论点不适用于干涉仪，因为目标相位变化仍然会导致捕获误差，但是，将干涉仪应用于导引头设计所需的复杂程度，使其无法应用于目前的跟踪方案。

尽管捕获问题会严重限制带有导引头的车辆或飞机对显著攻击威胁的响应时间，但雷达导引头在角闪烁的情况下无法工作会使导引头失效。导引头的设计通常必须在跟踪精度、捕获能力和动态多功能性之间进行折衷，一个导引头内多个雷达跟踪模式相关的重量和成本代价是令人望而却步的。因此，由于各类文献中有大量的捕获理论和技术，本论文的主要部分是分析目标捕获后导引头在角闪烁或角噪声情况下的性能。

本分析中使用的闪烁模型代表了目前正在使用的模型。此外，将导出的模型进行比较，以确定测量目标模型与从其统计特性导出模型之间存在的相关性程度。所采用的评估方法本质上是通用的，因此该程序可用于评估任何后续的闪烁模型推导。此外，本文还总结了近年来的一些工作，这些工作表明了在角闪烁情况下利用扫频技术提高雷达跟踪性能的优点。

A radar guided missile seeker approaching atarget arrives at a crossover point beyond which the entire target isilluminated by the missile seeker's radar antenna beam. When this occurs, for acomplex target, the radar senses a time changing target center location whichmay greatly complicate the terminal tracking portion of the seeker's flight.This thesis documents various glint models in use today and compares theperformance of these models by using a seeker model to determine the effect ofglint on terminal tracking performance.

A large volume of data has been compileddescribing various radar characteristics of complex targets. Some of the glintmodels discussed herein are the result of independent investigations and somemodels are derived analytically. The return energy transmitted from a radar andreflected from a complex target is generally statistical in nature due to therandom nature of the reflecting surfaces dispersed over the target vehicle andalso because the target is continually changing aspect.

A radar target's reflecting characteristicsare of concern when a seeker is attempting to acquire the target and again whenthe seeker is closing on the target. A large amount of data exists fordetermining long range acquisition capabilities of various radar schemes. Theacquisition of a target in a sea clutter background has been thoroughlyinvestigated in the past decade and today's improved techniques (Moving TargetIndication and Pulse Compression) have enabled moderately powered radars toacquire very small targets in high sea states. At long ranges, the individualtarget elements present a unified amplitude response (or appear as a pointsource). The main problem during acquisition is to reduce the viewing area todimensions comparable to the target so that the target return will bedistinguishable. This argument does not apply to an interferometer as targetphase variations will still contribute to acquisition error, however thesophistication required to implement interferometers into a seeker designprecludes their use for present day tracking schemes.

Although acquisition problems can severelylimit the response time of a seeker bearing vehicle or aircraft to an eminentattack threat, the inability of a radar seeker to operate in the presence ofangle glint can render the seeker useless. A seeker's design must often be acompromise between tracking accuracy, acquisition capability, and dynamicversatility, cince the weight and cost penalties associated with multiple radartracking modes within a single seeker are prohibitive. Therefore, since theliterature abounds with acquisition theory and techniques, the main portion ofthis thesis consists of analyzing the post-acquisition seeker performance inthe presence of angular glint or angle noise.

The glint models used in this analysisrepresent models in use at the present time. In addition, models which werederived are compared to determine the degree of correlation which existsbetween measured target models and those models which are derived from theirstatistical characteristics. The method employed for the evaluation is generalin nature so that the procedure could be used to evaluate any subsequent glintmodel derivations. In addition, some recent work is summarized whichdemonstrates the advantages of using swept frequency techniques to improveradar tracking performance in the presence of angular glint.

1 引言

2 导引头描述

3 目标描述

4 闪烁模型评估

5 一种新的闪烁抑制技术

6 结论

附录A 导引

附录B 平面波远场准则

附录C 两元素目标的角度误差

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