Information Science 信息科学（或称情报学）的研究范畴一直难有清晰界定，再加上互联网的发展催生了很多新课题和交叉课题，范畴定义更加困难。

下面是《情报学文摘》（延续了已往的翻译）主编Donald T. Hawkins在Information Science Abstracts: Tracking the Literature of Information Science. Part 2: A New Taxonomy for Information Science一文中给出的分类。

该分类较为全面，有11个大方面，对于Information Science领域的研究选题和科研定位很有帮助。

x. Information Science Taxonomy

信息科学分类法

1. INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH

信息科学基础理论

1.1 Basic concepts, definitions, theories, methodologies, and applications

基本概念、定义、理论、方法、应用

1.2 Properties, needs, quality, and value of information

信息属性、需求、特征和价值

1.3 Statistics, measurement

Bibliometrics, citation analysis, scientometrics, informetrics

文献计量、 引文分析、科学计量、信息计量

1.4 Information retrieval research

Searching techniques (Boolean, fuzzy, natural language), the search process, precision/relevance, ranking/recall, searching models,

信息检索技术，包括检索模型、相关性、排名、检全率

query formulation, inverted files, updating, database structures

1.5 User behavior and uses of information systems

信息系统用户行为和使用，包括搜索者的策略、信息过载、用户调查、可用性

Searcher tactics, information overload, user surveys, usability studies

1.6 Human-computer interface

人机交互，包括人的因素、 人类工程、设计问题

Human factors, ergonomics, design issues

1.7 Communication

信息传播，包括编辑、写作、语言学、互联网上的创作与设计规则

Editing, writing, linguistics, Internet authoring and design principles

1.8 Operations research/mathematics

运筹与数学，包括建模、布尔逻辑、编码、系统分析、算法

Modeling, Boolean logic, coding, systems analysis, algorithms, compression

1.9 History of information science, biographies

信息科学史，传记

2. KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION

知识组织

2.1 Thesauri, authority lists

主题词表，包括分类法、本体、语义网络、命名、术语学、词表

Taxonomies, ontologies, semantic networks, nomenclatures, terminologies, vocabularies

2.2 Cataloging and classification

目录与分类体系，包括打标签、DC元数据、DOIs、主题图等

Tagging, metatags, Dublin Core, DOIs, OPACs, MARC, AACR2, topic maps, cataloging processes and theories

2.3 Abstracting, indexing, reviewing

摘要、索引和评论，包括自动索引与摘要

Automatic indexing and abstracting

2.4 Standards and protocols

标准与协议，包括NISO、Z39.5、 XML, SGML, HTML, PDF等

NISO, Z39.5, XML, SGML, HTML, Open Archives Initiative (OAI), Encoded Archival Description (EAD), OpenURL, portable document format (PDF)

3. THE INFORMATION PROFESSION

信息职业

3.1 Information professionals

信息职业

Intermediaries, searchers, reference librarians, information brokers, translators, educators, librarians and librarianship, mentoring,

career outlook, future of the profession, professional ethics, skills and competencies

3.2 Organizations and societies

信息机构与协会

4. SOCIETAL ISSUES

社会学方面的问题

4.1 Information ethics, plagiarism, credibility

信息伦理、剽窃、可信性

4.2 Information literacy, lifelong learning

信息素养、终身学习

4.3 The Information Society

信息社会学，包括信息技术的社会影响、信息流、长期保存等

Universal access and accessibility, technological and socioeconomic impacts of information, technology forecasts, information flows,futures scenarios, preservation

5. THE INFORMATION INDUSTRY

信息产业

5.1 Information and knowledge management

信息与知识管理，包括组织内知识转移，商业战略

Knowledge transfer in organizations, business strategies

5.2 Markets and players

市场与参与者

Vendor profiles and interviews, trends

5.3 Economics and pricing

信息经济与定价问题，包括商业模型与价值链

Business models, value chain

5.4 Marketing, e-commerce

电子商务

6. PUBLISHING AND DISTRIBUTION

出版与发行

6.1 Print

印刷

6.2 Electronic

电子期刊与电子书

E-journals, e-books

6.3 Secondary publishing

二次出版，包括摘要、索引服务、目录

Abstracting and indexing services, directories

6.4 Scholarly communication

学术交流，包括同行评审、期刊的未来、发行、灰色文献

Peer review process, future of journals, dissertations, grey literature

7. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

信息技术

7.1 Internet

互联网，包括www、看不见的web、深网、搜索引擎、超媒介

World Wide Web, Invisible Web, Deep Web, search engines, browsers, hypermedia, Listservs, bulletin boards, portals, gateways, directories, pathfinders

7.2 Intranets, Web conferencing

内部网，web会议

7.3 Software

软件，编程语言，操作系统，平台

Programming languages, operating systems, platforms

7.4 Hardware

硬件

7.5 Multimedia

多媒体

7.6 Document management

文档管理，包括图形化、扫描、文本检索、数字化、记录管理、超文本系统、长期保存技术、参考链接、胡子权利管理等

Imaging, scanning, text retrieval, digitization, records management, bookmarking, hypertext systems, preservation technologies,

digitization, linking and electronic cross referencing, storage, digital rights management

7.7 AI, expert systems, intelligent agents

人工智能、专家系统，智能代理，包括信息可视化、数据挖掘、模式识别等

Cybernetics, visualization and mapping, data mining, pattern and character recognition, search agents and robots

7.8 Telecommunications

通讯

Networks, wireless and satellite information delivery, Palm Pilots and other PDAs, LANs and WANs

7.9 Security, access control, authentication, encryption

安全与接入控制，数字水印

Digital watermarking

7.10 Other

8. ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES

信息系统与信息服务经济问题

8.1 Information searching and retrieval systems and services

Bibliographic, numeric, and image databases; descriptions of online services

8.2 Customized information systems, alerting, current awareness

8.3 Document delivery systems and services

Interlibrary loan, resource sharing

8.4 Geographic information systems

9. SUBJECT-SPECIFIC SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS

来源于特定学科的问题及应用

9.1 Physical sciences 物理科学

Chemistry, physics, engineering, earth sciences, computer science, energy, mathematics

9.2 Life sciences  生命科学

Medicine, biosciences, agriculture, environment

9.3 Social sciences, humanities, history, linguistics

9.4 Business 商业

Management, economics, companies

9.5 Law, political science, government 法律政策

Patents and trademarks, intellectual property,  case law

9.6 News  新闻

9.7 Education, library and information science, ready reference

9.8 Other/multidisciplinary

Biography and genealogy databases, encyclopedias, databases of theses and dissertations

10. LIBRARIES AND LIBRARY SERVICES

图书馆与图书馆服务

10.1 Library descriptions and types

Special, government, academic, and public libraries, archives, museums, state and national libraries, depository libraries

10.2 Library services

图书馆服务

10.3 Library automation, operations, and strategic planning

图书馆自动化、运营、战略规划

10.4 Library consortia and networks, coalitions, cooperatives

图书馆合作网络，联合，协作

10.5 Digital and virtual libraries, hybrid libraries

数字图书馆

10.6 Education and training

图书馆教育与培训

Distance learning, continuing education, bibliographic instruction library schools, courses and curricula

11. GOVERNMENT AND LEGAL INFORMATION AND ISSUES

政府与法律信息 及相关问题

11.1 Intellectual property protection

知识产权包括

Copyright issues and implications, fair use, trademarks, patent law

11.2 Legislation, laws, and regulations (except copyright)

11.3 Contracts and licensing

合同与授权

11.4 Liability issues

Filtering, censorship, privacy

11.5 Sources of public information

11.6 Information policies and studies

信息政策研究，包括安全、加密、隐私、信息自由、审查、国家信息政策等

Security, encryption, privacy, freedom of information, censoring, national and other information policies

11.7 Systems and infrastructure

Technology transfer