EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED TEACHING ERRORS ON ACQUISITION

AND DURABILITY OF SELF-CARE SKILLS

MAEVE G. DONNELLY
WESTERN NEW ENGLAND UNIVERSITY, THE NEW ENGLAND CENTER FOR CHILDREN

AND

AMANDA M. KARSTENWESTERN NEW ENGLAND UNIVERSITY

描述性評量

Descriptive Assessment is intended to help us determine why a behavior occurs rather than how often a behavior occurs. Both are important questions to ask and to answer, but for the purposes of understanding under which conditions the behavior occurs, descriptive data is the best route.

教師反應在教導學生生活自理技能時存在一定困難

運用descriptive assessment找出教師在實施教學過程中出現哪些錯誤

生活自理：穿衣、洗臉、洗澡、如廁等

difference in teaching procedures for multistep tasks appear to affect learning efficiency

errors in treatment integrity,or the degree to which an intervention is implemented as prescribed,can delay or prevent skill acquisition by people with developmental disabilities.

delivering instructions beyond the prescribed initial instruction,failing to prompt within the prescribed delay,and withholding reinforcement.

材料包含

a data sheet listing the steps of the task analysis,specific instructions to start the behavior chain,prompting procedures,guidelines for completion fo the behavior chain,and instructions for reinforcement.

學生進步慢教師要反思是設定的目標不符合學生能力還是在教學過程中所使用的策略、方法不對，即時作出調整

先進行preference assessment

preference assessments are boservations or trial-based evaluations that allow practitioners to determine a preference hierarchy.a preference hierarchy indicates which items are a child's highly-preferred items,moderately-preferred items,and low-preferred items.

即使是經驗豐富的老師也會犯錯

教導學生生活自理技能時可以靈活使用task analysis,chaining procedure