Percolation
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"Percolate" redirects here. For the computer language, see PeRColate.
In physics, chemistry and materials science, percolation concerns the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. Examples include the movement of solvents through filter paper (chromatography) and the movement of petroleum through fractured rock. Electrical analogs include the flow of electricity through random resistor networks. During the last three decades, percolation theory, an extensive mathematical model of percolation, has brought new understanding and techniques to a broad range of topics in physics, materials science as well as geography.

Percolation typically exhibits universality. Combinatorics is commonly employed to study percolation thresholds.