由于流感病毒经常变化，人们常需要每年打不同的流感疫苗。一项新研究说，可以让人体免疫细胞识别各种流感病毒中相同的部分，有望在此基础上开发出不用每年注射的广谱疫苗。

澳大利亚墨尔本大学研究人员和国际同行在新一期英国《自然—免疫学》杂志上报告了相关成果。他们发现了甲型、乙型和丙型流感病毒上相同的部分，确认一种名为“CD8⁺T细胞”的免疫细胞可以借此攻击所有这些流感病毒。

研究人员制出了试验性疫苗，将其注入实验鼠体内，结果显示，实验鼠免疫系统中的上述细胞被激活，能显著杀灭各种流感病毒。

论文第一作者、墨尔本大学的马里奥斯·科察科斯说，由于流感病毒一直在变化，过去很难预测将会流行的流感病毒类型，并开发相应的疫苗。由于人体内也存在这种免疫细胞，今后有望在此基础上开发出对各种流感病毒都有效的广谱疫苗。（来源：新华社）

相关论文信息：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-019-0320-6

http://paper.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/2019/3/20193615523597049340.shtm

Influenza A, B and C viruses (IAV, IBV and ICV, respectively) circulate globally and infect humans, with IAV and IBV causing the most severe disease. CD8+ T cells confer cross-protection against IAV strains, however the responses of CD8+ T cells to IBV and ICV are understudied. We investigated the breadth of CD8+ T cell cross-recognition and provide evidence of CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity across IAV, IBV and ICV. We identified immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes from IBVs that were protective in mice and found memory CD8+ T cells directed against universal and influenza-virus-type-specific epitopes in the blood and lungs of healthy humans. Lung-derived CD8+ T cells displayed tissue-resident memory phenotypes. Notably, CD38+Ki67+CD8+ effector T cells directed against novel epitopes were readily detected in IAV- or IBV-infected pediatric and adult subjects. Our study introduces a new paradigm whereby CD8+ T cells confer unprecedented cross-reactivity across all influenza viruses, a key finding for the design of universal vaccines.

论文见：

Human CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity across influenza A, B and C viruses.pdf