好酒为什么会贪杯

位于伏隔核背中壳含δ亚基的GABAA突触外受体与饮酒有关

 

熊荣川 译

 

   最近研究发现含δ亚基的突触外受体对中低浓度的酒精敏感，提高了这些受体介导中低程度饮酒之后酒精效应（如嗜酒）的强化。我们使用病毒介导的RNA干扰技术减少成年大鼠伏隔核背中壳区域（而非壳两侧或核上）GABAA受体中δ亚基基因的表达，发现大鼠主动性饮酒量下降。作为对比，对大鼠敲出伏隔核背中壳δ亚基不影响其饮用2%的蔗糖溶液，说明GABAA受体中δ亚基的减少只影响酒精的摄取。这些结果提供了有力的证据，证明位于伏隔核背中壳含δ亚基的GABAA突触外受体介导中低程度饮酒之后酒精效应（如酒精成瘾）的强化。

 

关键词： 酒精成瘾 奖励 自我控制 紧张性抑制

 

原文

Extrasynaptic δ-containing GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens dorsomedial shell contribute to alcohol intake

 

    Recent findings suggest that extrasynaptic δ-subunit–containing GABAA receptors are sensitive to low-to-moderate concentrations of alcohol, raising the possibility that these receptors mediate the reinforcing effects of alcohol after consumption of one or a fewdrinks. We used the technique of viral-mediated RNAi to reduce expression of the GABAA receptor δ-subunit in adult rats in localized regions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to test the hypothesis that δ-subunit–containing GABAA receptors in the NAc are necessary for oral alcohol consumption. We found that knockdown of the δ-subunit in the medial shell region of the NAc, but not in the

ventral or lateral shell or in the core, reduced alcohol intake. In contrast, δ-subunit knockdown in the medial shell did not affect intake of a 2% sucrose solution, suggesting that the effects of GABAA receptor δ-subunit reduction are specific to alcohol. These results provide strong evidence that extrasynaptic δ-subunit–containing GABAA receptors in the medial shell of the NAc are critical for the reinforcing effects of oral ethanol.（Nie et al.，2011）

 

Keywords  addiction | reward | self-administration | tonic inhibition

 

小知识

Nucleus accumbens（伏隔核）

The nucleus accumbens (NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus or as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus leaning against the septum), is a collection of neurons within the striatum. It is thought to play an important role in reward, pleasure, laughter, addiction, aggression, fear, and the placebo effect.

Each half of the brain has one nucleus accumbens. It is located where the head of the caudate and the anterior portion of the putamen meet just lateral to the septum pellucidum. The nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle collectively form the ventral striatum, which is part of the basal ganglia.

The nucleus accumbens can be divided into two structures—the nucleus accumbens core and the nucleus accumbens shell. These structures have different morphology and function.

 

参考文献

Extrasynaptic δ-containing GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens dorsomedial.pdf

Nie Hong, Rewal Mridula, Gill T. Michael, Ron Dorit,Janak Patricia H. (2011). "Extrasynaptic δ-containing GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens dorsomedial shell contribute to alcohol intake." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(11): 4459-4464.

 

 

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