种群内部分化模式的类型

#编者信息

熊荣川

明湖实验室

xiongrongchuan@126.com

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Bearjazz

The process of genetic  differentiation in a subdivided population due to mutation, migration and  random genetic drift, has recently been discussed by a number of authors (BODMERand CAVALLI-SFORZA1968;MAYNARDSMITH1970;IMAIZUMIet al.1970; MARUYAMA1970).The basic theoretical models  involvedin these studies are ( i ) the island model, in which each island exchanges genes equally with  every other island; (ii)stepping stone models, which assume  the rate of migration between colonies to be a function of the distance  between them; (iii) models of isolation by distance, which deal  with populations uniformlydistributed  throughout a continuum, with individual migration defined by a continuous  probability distribution; and (iv)  a migration matrix model, designed to  deal with a general migration  pattern involving a finite number of colonies.

最近一些作者讨论了由突变，迁移和随机遗传漂变导致种群内部出现亚种群的遗传分化过程(BODMERand CAVALLI-SFORZA1968;MAYNARDSMITH1970;IMAIZUMIet  al.1970;  MARUYAMA1970)。在这些研究中所涉及的基本理论模型有：（1）岛屿模型，其中每个岛屿与其他岛屿进行无偏的交换基因；（2）脚踏石模型，它假定聚居点地之间的迁移率是它们之间距离的函数；（3）距离隔离模型，把种群当成一个均匀地分布连续统一体，其中个体迁移呈连续概率分布；（4）迁移矩阵模型，用来处理涉及数量有限的聚居点之间的一般迁移模式。

参考文献

Latter,  B. D. H. (1973). "The island model of population differentiation: a  general solution." Genetics73(1): 147-157.