科学通报在线发表我组生态草产业设计思路

程 达 蒋高明

   草牧业被写进2015年中央1号文件。如何理解草牧业？怎样解决解决畜牧业饲草不足的关键问题，如何在人工草地建设的同时发挥天然草地的生产与生态功能，是学术界需要认真探讨的问题。在我国草原地区和农牧交错带，选择适宜土地，种植人工草地，不仅可以解决饲草料不足问题，也将大大缓解天然草地的放牧压力，使其发挥应有的生态功能。本课题组早在15年前就在草原进行生态恢复与生态草产业模式实践，积累了一定的经验。

   日前，科学通报发表了我组研究成果《生态草业的特色产业体系与设计: 以正蓝旗为例》。文章阐述了基于生态学原理的“环境友好型生态草业”,介绍了草原管理中的生态系统设计理念、特色生态草业及其构成、生态草业的经济与生态效益等内容; 并以内蒙古正蓝旗为例, 设计了四业一体生态草业. 预期通过规划调整, 使项目区牧业经济效益, 在保护前提下, 提高50%~70%,最终目的实现草原生态与经济效益双赢, 增加中国食物供应能力。

   文章指出了草原“四业一体生态草业”概念，是指草业、肉奶禽业、生物产业、生态旅游业和草-牧-科-工-贸联营体。具体来说是传统畜牧业可以为现代畜牧业以及第三产业所取代, 通过开发生态旅游价值、发展有机产品、中草药、野生动物、生物多样性基因库的价值等实现当地居民提高收入、地方政府增加税收。

   我们以浑善达克沙地正蓝旗为例，进行生态产业设计，正蓝旗特色产业体系如果启动，不仅会带动草原生态保护与生态恢复，预计直接与间接经济效益每年达31.6亿。这种模式是以最小的投入获得最大的收益. 不仅解决了土地治理问题, 而且解决了居民的生产生活问题,实现了环境、社会经济的协同发展, 同时实现了社会可持续发展综合效益。

Figure 1Distribution of eco-hunsbandary industriesdesigned in Zhenglan Banner, HunshandakeSandland

本文在线发表链接：http://csb.scichina.com:8080/CN/abstract/abstract518490.shtml

Characteristicsand designing of eco-husbandry system: A case study in Zhenglan Banner, China

JIANG GaoMing*, WU GuangLei, CHENG Da,ZHENG YanHai, LIU MeiZhen, LI CaiHong

Abstract：

The eco-husbandry experimental region basedon ecological principles can be designed and built on a huge area in order toincrease both production and environmental sustainability. Such a grasslandindustry might have little or none environmental impacts, if the primary andsecondary production is wisely linked to each other. This can be achieved bytaking into account of the urban consumer market while maintaining high primaryproductivity. Through industrial restructuring, using of small area of land toprotect a large number of natural grassland, we can promote restoration ofdegraded grassland and improve the economic incomes for local society.Grassland ecological features, together with the characteristics of eco-husbandryand its composition, ecological and economic benefits of the eco-husbandryindustry are introduced in this paper. A case study using the above mentionedprinciples are conducted in Zhenglan Banner, HunshandakeSandland, InnerMongolia. Features, namely, grass, meat, milk and poultry industries,grass-grazing, eco-tourism and bio-industry-science-industry-trade Consortium(“four-in-one” eco-husbandry) are designed. On the bases of environmentalconservation, the economic benefits of the project will be increased by50%-70%. The ultimate goal of the project is to achieve the Prairie ecologicaland economic benefits with a win-win situation, finally increasng food supplyfor China's market.