有机农业生物多样性管理促进农业可持续发展

刘海涛、孟杰、博文静、程达、李勇、郭立月、李彩虹、郑延海、刘美珍、宁堂原、吴光磊、虞晓凡、冯素飞、乌云塔娜、李静、李立君、曾彦、刘实、蒋高明

中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室，北京，100093

中国科学院大学，北京玉泉路19号，100049

中国科学院生态环境科学研究中心，北京市海淀区双清路18号，100085

中国科学院地理科学与自然资源研究所，北京市朝阳区大屯路11A号，100101

山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室，泰安市岱宗大道61号，泰安271018

弘毅有机农场，山东平邑 273300

美国北卡罗来纳州伊格尔分子医学研究所

科学报告第6卷，文章编号：23816（2016）（影响因子 4.122）

【摘要】 有机农业被认为能够减少与化学农业有关的有害物质影响。然而，有机农业是否能够养活一个不断增长的世界人口，存在着很多争论。我们假设通过有机农业的改良可以生产出足够的食物，减少环境污染。在弘毅生态农场（HOF）,针对有机生物多样性管理模式（BMOF）与化学农业模式(CF)，开展了8年以上的比较研究，探索有机农业生物多样性管理下土壤有机质和经济效益变化。将作物生产与牲畜养殖有机结合起来，最大限度地利用每种农产品的副产品，避免外源化学物质投入。在土壤特性改善、病、虫、草害防治方面，取得了明显的生态效益，并提高了作物产量。经过8年试验，农作物产量逐步稳定增长，生态农场纯收入增长9.6倍。2014年和2007年，HOF净收入分别为258827美元和24423美元。因此，BMOF不仅可以养活更多的人口，而且提高农业生态系统适应能力，同时获得更高的经济效益。

Biodiversity management of organic farming enhances agricultural sustainability

Haitao Liu, Jie Meng, Wenjing Bo, Da Cheng, Yong Li, Liyue Guo, Caihong Li, Yanhai Zheng, Meizhen Liu, Tangyuan Ning, Guanglei Wu, Xiaofan Yu, Sufei Feng, Tana Wuyun, Jing Li, Lijun Li, Yan Zeng, Shi V. Liu & Gaoming Jiang 

State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, China 

University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Yuquan Avenue, Beijing, 100049, PR China

Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Avenue, Tai’an, 271018, China

Hongyi Organic Farm, Pingyi, 273300, China

Eagle Institute of Molecular Medicine, Apex, NC, USA

Scientific Reports volume 6, Article number: 23816 (2016)  （IF=4.122）

Abstract  Organic farming (OF) has been believed to be capable of curtailing some hazardous effects associated with chemical farming (CF). However, debates also exist on whether OF can feed a world with increasing human population. We hypothesized that some improvements on OF may produce adequate crops and reduce environmental pollutions from CF. This paper makes comparative analysis of crop yield, soil organic matter and economic benefits within the practice on Biodiversity Management of Organic Farming (BMOF) at Hongyi Organic Farm (HOF) over eight years and between BMOF and CF. Linking crop production with livestock to maximal uses of by-products from each production and avoid enobiotic chemicals, we have achieved beneficial improvement in soil properties, effective pest and weed control, and increased crop yields. After eight years experiment, we have obtained a gradual but stable increase in crop yields with a 9.6-fold increase of net income. The net income of HOF was 258,827 dollars and 24,423 dollars in 2014 and 2007 respectively. Thus, BMOF can not only feed more population, but also increase adaptive capacity of agriculture ecosystems and gain much higher economic benefits.