(Zhang Xingyuan) 

“Vital activity hypotheses on living microorganisms” as a whole, mainly as follows:

①A complete ideological system:

“Vital activity hypotheses on living microorganisms” (Metabolic energy sustentation hypothesis, Metabolic networks hypothesis and Cell-economy hypothesis), as well as the reasoning on the premise they made, constitute a complete ideological system. The first hypothesis reflects the premise of the vital activity of microorganisms (to supply energy continuously); the second hypothesis embodies the contents of microbial life (energy and material conversion relations); the third hypothesis to reveal the law of microbial vital activity (to provide the basis for co-operation between human being and microorganisms). The three basic hypotheses from three different visual angles analyze the same issue, the vital activity of microorganisms, embody the three hypotheses are interlinked and coordinated. The first hypothesis, from the perspective of bioenergetics and metabolic energy, we firmly believe that microbial cells are convertor of metabolic energy; the second hypothesis, from the perspective of biochemistry and metabolism, we firmly believe that microbial cells are biological and chemical reactors and biological materials processor; the third hypothesis, from the perspective of bioinformatics, we firmly believe that microbial cells are bio-informatics encoder, information sensor and information processor.

 

②The three hypotheses support each other, constraint and complement each other:

Energy metabolism relies on metabolic networks to achieve sustainability; “metabolic energy” is needed for metabolic networks to run to support metabolism, energy metabolism and material metabolism overlap each other, and are subject to norms and constraints from “cell economic laws”.  Currents of flowing metabolites in metabolic networks rely on supporting of metabolic energy, and are under constraint of cell economy laws; but the studies on metabolic energy sustainment and cell economy must resort to their work-carrier, metabolic networks.

③Nature dialectics in fermentation engineering:

Modern industrial fermentation is going to establish in the bases of profound research of the three hypotheses on metabolic energy sustentation, metabolic networks and cell-economy. The hypothesis of metabolic energy sustentation revealed the driving force behind the industrial fermentation. In the hypothesis of metabolic networks, metabolic pathways (enzymes) and related carriers (proteins) have been organized as a whole, and known as the metabolic networks (material metabolism network).This will help us to have a good grasp of microbial physiology and material metabolism in the macro level, and to set up the basis of analysis for the actual operation sites in the design of industrial fermentation from raw materials to the target products. The concept of “cell-economy” have been put forward, it provides a theoretical basis of handling the relationship of the unity of opposites, i.e., subjective desires (industrial fermentation) and the objective law (microbial vital activity).

④Cross-disciplines and infiltrate-disciplines:

The establishment of the new concept of fermentation science is based on the combination, infiltration, fusion, and support each other, in the fields of disciplines of chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, cytology and the fields of disciplines of  physics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering principles, electrotechnics, biology, economics, philosophy and dialectics of nature.

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