量子霍尔效应（quantum Hall effect，QHE）以前被称为二维（two-dimensional，2D）系统，由Bertrand Halperin于1987年预测可能用于三维（three-dimensional，3D）系统。这一理论直到最近才被研究人员证实。

Researchers demonstrate three-dimensional quantum hall effect for the first time

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/190816101008.htm

1. Fangdong Tang, Yafei Ren, Peipei Wang, Ruidan Zhong, John Schneeloch, Shengyuan A. Yang, Kun Yang, Patrick A. Lee, Genda Gu, Zhenhua Qiao, Liyuan Zhang. Three-dimensional quantum Hall effect and metal–insulator transition in ZrTe5. Nature, 2019; 569 (7757): 537 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1180-9