久违了！弗洛伊德

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德精神分析学在中国流行的时候，我差不多读完了他的所有中文本。当时除了对其学术本身的兴趣外，另一个最主要的原因是他的理论在小说领域的影响。但是，弃文从理后，就再没关注过这些东西了。现在，我对任何虚构作品，主要是小说和影视，都不感兴趣。包括时下流行的《芳华》，我只点开看了半分钟，我就看不下去了。

虽然西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的大部分理论被认为是不科学的，现今人们已经不再相信或被取代，但他们仍继续在大众媒体中出现。其中最流行的是他对构成心灵三构件的分类。（While most of Sigmund Freud's theories have been discredited orreplaced, they continue to make their presence felt in popular media. Among themost prevalent is his classification of the three constructs making up thepsyche.）。弗洛伊德将“psyche”（译为灵魂、心灵、或精神）分为三部分：本我（Id）、自我（Ego）和超我（Superego）。但是这三个构件究竟是什么呢？曼彻斯特大学的Saul McLeod解释说，最简单地说，他们可以理解为心灵的原始本能的一部分，包含性和侵略性的驱动和隐藏的记忆（本我）、道德良心（超我），和这两个欲望之间的中间部分（自我）。每一个部分都有其独特的特点，它们混合形成一个整体，每一部分都对个人的行为作出贡献。（But what exactly are these three? Freud, in his "Beyond thePleasure Principle" (1920) and "The Ego and the Id" (1923),postulated the individual psyche comprised these three parts, all developing atdifferent stages in life and non-corporeal. Saul McLeod of the University ofManchester says that, at the simplest, they can be understood as the primitiveand instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives andhidden memories (Id), the moral conscience (Superego), and the part that mediatesbetween desires of these two (Ego). Each has its unique features and they mixto form a whole, each part making its contribution to an individual'sbehaviour.）

更简单地说，本我完全是无意识的，没有道德判断和道德感，支配着我们的基本本能。对佛洛伊德来说，超我设想它作为一个强大的父亲形象的象征。自我，是裁判，是现实和理性的，是意识的已经组织的和正在组织的一部分。现在普遍认为作为一个竞争的需求之间的重要调停者，佛洛伊德认为它更像一个中间人，由本我驱动，同时被超我约束。（More simply, Id is completely unconscious and has no judgments orsense of morality and governs our basic instincts. For Superego, Freud, who wasin a sexist time, envisaged it as a symbol of the strong father figure --emerging after a boy jettisoned the Oedipus complex and since women don'tdisplay this, their Superego is less developed. Ego, the referee, beingrealistic and rational, is the organised -- and organising -- part of theconsciousness. While this is now commonly thought as a central mediator betweenthe competing demands, Freud thought of it as more of a middleman, driven bythe Id and confined by the Superego.）

文章说，弗洛伊德的本我、自我和超我这三重结构或三个一组在文学作品中广泛存在，如大仲马的《三剑客》、《星际迷航》、《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》、《哈利·波特》等作品都能看到。

见：

弗洛伊德的三重人格划分及其文学表现

Freud'sthreefold personality division and its literary manifestations

https://sg.news.yahoo.com/freuds-threefold-personality-division-literary-manifestations-053804709.html