王 应 宽

2010-01-28

Beijing, China

 

世界能源巨头美国BP公司与科研机构联合启动的

EBI能源生物研究项目

 

最近美国企业界与科研界共同发起的能源生物学研究项目值得关注。

 

能源生物科学研究所（Energy Biosciences Institute，EBI) ，是一个新的研发机构，利用现有的包括生物学、物理科学、工程、环境和社会科学等方面的先进知识，来研究设计可行的方法，应对全球能源挑战和减小化石能源对全球变暖的影响。该项目是多学科的合作的，主要是寻求高效的生物质新能源的工业化生产途径。目前是正在试验研究几种植物，(一种在国内被称作象草,其含碳量要远高于农作物秸秆),利用生物发酵及热解等方法生产可燃气及燃油。能源作物品种的筛选、培育、改良、转化这部分工作在生物学科作，而这类作物的种植、管理及收获由工程学学科作，相当一部分人员参与在这个全国性的项目之中,定期要有检查和汇报。

 

世界能源业巨头美国BP公司将在10年内为EBI项目提供5亿美元的经费开展研究。项目合作伙伴有4个机构：加州大学伯克利分校，劳伦斯-伯克利实验室，伊利诺伊大学，BP公司。研究涵盖五大领域，包括很多项目，有很多研究机构和单位参与，真正体现多学科合作。

研究领域包括：生物质原料的开发，生物质解聚合作用（裂解），生物燃料生产，化石燃料的生物加工，环境、社会、经济学评估研究。

 

 

其他资料附后：

Feedstock Development

Scientists in this program study plant species that can be used to produce biofuels in a more productive and highly sustainable fashion. Switchgrass and miscanthus are just two plants fitting that description. Researchers believe there are more.

 

Biomass Depolymerization

Discovering more productive methods of breaking down plant sugars so they can be used in the biofuel-making process is this program's goal. Success could result in trimming the cost of biofuel production and making this sustainable energy product more affordable.

 

Biofuels Production

This program's aim is to find ways of improving the concentration of fuel produced by traditional fermentation processes that have been used for centuries to make beer and wine. Achieving that objective could reduce the cost of making biofuel.

 

Fossil Fuel Bioprocessing

Researchers in this program are seeking ways to use biological processes to reach oil and coal – and to do so in a manner that conserves energy and spares the environment. Making it easier to gather fossil fuels aids in the sensible use of these limited resources

 

Environmental, Social and Economic Dimensions

Even renewable forms of energy, such as biofuels, can have harmful impacts on society and the environment. This program will provide critical data that policymakers can use in adopting energy policies that are kinder to the land and its people.

Programs

Assessing the Potential Impact of Insect Pests and Plant Pathogens on Biomass Production of Miscanthus x giganteus and Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Genomics-Enabled Improvement of Andropogoneae Grasses as Feedstocks for Enhanced Biofuel Production

Engineering Solutions for Biomass Feedstock Production

Feedstock Production/Agronomy Program

 

Projects

Reproductive Barriers in Miscanthus Sinensis and Other Biofuel Plants

Model Development to Predict Feedstock Production of Miscanthus and Switchgrass as Affected by Climate, Soils, and Nitrogen Management

Collection, Nutrient Cycling, Cold Hardiness, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Flowering Phenology of Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus sinensis, and Their Natural Hybrids in Native Stands Ranging from Central to Northern Japan

Improvement of Bioenergy Crops Via Transformation

 

相关信息参阅：

 

http://www.energybiosciencesinstitute.org/index.php

 

The Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) is a new research and development organization that harnesses advanced knowledge in biology, the physical sciences, engineering, and environmental and social sciences to devise viable solutions to global energy challenges and reduce the impact of fossil fuels to global warming.

 

 

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