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化学家找到寻找铂等贵金属的简便方法
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化学家找到寻找铂等贵金属的简便方法
钯、铂这类贵金属能在化学反应中起到催化剂的 作用，因此在汽车、化学和制药等领域有重要应用，但寻找这些稀有金属并不容易。来自Pittsburgh大学的化学家发现了一种快速简便且低成本的探测钯 /铂的方法。结果发表在9月21日的在线版《Journal of the American Chemical Society》上。
新方法由化学教授Kazunori Koide的实验室发明，该方法基于一种无色的荧光剂溶液（这类似于在犯罪现场寻找残留血迹），这种荧光剂在遇到微量的钯或铂（在自然界它们一般同时存在）情况下，在简单的手提紫外灯照射时就会发出绿光。
目前采矿和制药工业中所使用的方法虽然有效，但是很复杂且需要长达一天的分析时间，而新方法只需要大约一小时。Koide说，他们的方法可以同时处理数百 份样品，而目前使用的方法一次只能处理一份。他说：“我们的方法可以在采矿现场使用，而且不需要化学家，任何人都可以使用。”
目前一家制药公司正在评估Koide的探测药物样本中微量钯的方法。尽管钯在制药过程中很重要，但是药物中存在钯是有毒的，这意味着需要严格的化学检测手段来探测这些金属。将分析时间缩短到一小时能帮助药物更快上市，而在采矿时则可以发现这些重要金属。
钯常用于降低汽车尾气毒性的催化转换器中，但已知的钯和铂矿藏只存在少数几个国家（包括美国和加拿大），这使得其的价格和来源很不稳定。
Chemists Develop Easier Way To Find Platinum, Other Rare Metals
Finding uses for palladium and platinum-rare precious metals coveted by the automobile, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries as catalysts in chemical reactions-proves easier than finding the scarce materials themselves.
Detection involves expensive instruments operated by highly trained chemists that take days to return results. But chemists at the University of Pittsburgh have unearthed a fast, easy, and inexpensive method that could help in the discovery of palladium/platinum deposits and streamline the production of pharmaceuticals. The research was published online Sept. 21 in the “Journal of the American Chemical Society.” The new method was developed in the laboratory of Kazunori Koide (Ko-ee-deh), a chemistry professor in Pitt's School of Arts and Sciences. It relies on a colorless fluorescein-based solution (similar to that used to find blood residue at crime scenes) that-under a simple hand-held ultraviolet lamp-glows green when it comes in contact with even minute amounts of palladium and platinum, which coexist in nature.
The process takes approximately one hour as opposed to the effective but complex and days-long analysis currently employed in the mining and pharmaceutical industries, Koide explained. Moreover, the Pitt team's method can accommodate hundreds of samples at once whereas current technology analyzes samples only one at a time, Koide said.
A major pharmaceutical company is currently evaluating Koide's method in detecting trace amounts of palladium in drug samples, Koide said. Although crucial in drug development, residual palladium in pharmaceuticals can be toxic, which means stringent chemical analysis is required to find this metal. Shortening the analysis to an hour will help get drugs to market faster and, in mining, find viable quantities of these essential metals.
Palladium and platinum are practically unmatched as catalysts and thus important to the chemical, pharmaceutical, and automobile industries (both are popular as jewelry, too). Palladium is most used in the catalytic converters that render car exhaust less toxic. But known palladium/platinum deposits dot only a few countries-including the United States and Canada-which makes the prices and supply unstable.
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