acquistion:

 the common-midpoint (CMP) recording is the most widly used sesimic data acquistion technique

influence:

 surface condition:  example: karstic limestone(highly porous) result in energy scattering and absorption

 environmental and demographic restrctions

 weather condition

 condition of equipment

 ......

processing: (goal: supress the noise and enhance the signal) (processing strategies and results are affected by the field acquisition parameters.)

three principal processes: deconvolution, CMP stacking, migration

 deconvolution: (goal: improving the temporal resolution by collapsing the seimic wavelet to approximately a spike and supressing reverberations)

 CMP stacking:

 assumpation: hyperbolic moveout assumption( it is violated in areas with severe structural complexities)

  supressing uncorrelated nose, increasing the S/N ratio.

 attenuate a large part of coherent noise (mulitples) (it is better to supress the multiples before stacking) (theory: NMO use the primary velocity function. For the multiples, there is larger moveout, they are undercorrected and, hence, attenuated during stacking)

 migration: (goal: collapse diffractions and move dipping events to their ture subsurface locations--imaging process)

 theory: wave equation

 key: velocity information (other function: time-depth transformation)

challenge:

      1: the choice of paremeters and the detailed aspects of implementation of prosessing algorithms.

      2: one of features that makes a production program different from a research program, which is aimed at testing wether the idea works or not, is refinement of the algorithm in the production program to minimize artifacts.