主要研究：We present a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Rhododendron simsii, the primary ancestor of azalea cultivars.

结果1-WGD：Genome analyses unveil the remnants of an ancient whole-genome duplication preceding the radiation of most Ericaceae, likely contributing to the genomic architecture of flowering time.

结果2-基因复制：Small-scale gene duplications contribute to the expansion of gene families involved in azalea pigment biosynthesis.

结果3-花青素、类胡萝卜素：We reconstruct entire metabolic pathways for anthocyanins and carotenoids and their potential regulatory networks by detailed analysis of time-ordered gene co-expression networks.

结果4-MYB/bHLH/WD40：MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors may collectively regulate anthocyanin accumulation in R. simsii, particularly at the initial stages of flower coloration, and with WRKY transcription factors controlling progressive flower coloring at later stages.

结论：This work provides a cornerstone for understanding the underlying genetics governing flower timing and coloration and could accelerate selective breeding in azalea.