The origins and adaptation of European potatoes reconstructed from historical genomes

First author: Rafal M. Gutaker; Affiliations: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (马克斯普朗克发育生物学研究所): Tuebingen, Germany

Corresponding author: Hernán A. Burbano

Potato, one of the most important staple crops, originates from the highlands of the equatorial Andes. There, potatoes propagate vegetatively via tubers under short days, constant throughout the year. After their introduction to Europe in the sixteenth century, potatoes adapted to a shorter growing season and to tuber formation under long days. Here, we traced the demographic and adaptive history of potato introduction to Europe. To this end, we sequenced 88  individuals that comprise landraces, modern cultivars and historical herbarium samples, including specimens collected by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Our findings show that European potatoes collected during the period 1650–1750 were closely related to Andean landraces. After their introduction to Europe, potatoes admixed with Chilean genotypes. We identified candidate genes putatively involved in long-day pre-adaptation, and showed that the 1650–1750 European individuals were not long-day adapted through previously described allelic variants of the CYCLING DOF FACTOR1 gene. Such allelic variants were detected in Europe during the nineteenth century. Our study highlights the power of combining contemporary and historical genomes to understand the complex evolutionary history of crop adaptation to new environments.

土豆是最主要的粮食作物之一，其起源于赤道附近安第斯山脉的高原地区。在此处，土豆在短日照条件下可以通过块茎内进行营养繁殖，全年均可。自从土豆从十六世纪被引入欧洲后，土豆适应了时长较短的生长季节，并且可以在长日照条件下进行块茎繁殖。本文中，作者追踪了土豆引入欧洲后的群体动态及适应历史。作者对本土种、现代栽培种以及历史标本等88个土豆个体进行了测序，其中包括了一些达尔文在小猎犬号航行时收集的一些标本。作者发现在1650年到1750年收集的欧洲土豆与安第斯山脉本地种较为近缘。在其被引入欧洲后，安第斯山脉土豆与Chilean基因型混杂。作者鉴定了土豆中可能参与长日照预适应的候选基因，并且通过之前鉴定的CDF1基因的等位基因变异发现1650-1750年引入欧洲的土豆还未曾适应长日照。而作者在19世纪欧洲土豆中检测到了这些等位基因变异。本文的研究显示通过结合当代和历史的基因组可以对作物适应新环境的复杂演化历史进行解析。

通讯：Hernán A. Burbano (http://www.sippe.ac.cn/sourcedb_sippe/zw/zjrc/201812/t20181219_5218231.html)

个人简介：2006-2012年，马克斯普朗克演化人类学研究所，博士；2012-2014年，马克斯普朗克发育生物学研究所，博士后。

研究方向：历史上植物病原菌流行病的动态演变；作物驯化过程中关键事件的鉴定；通过入侵或者引入新的物种对新生态位进行殖民。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0921-3

Journal: Nature Ecology & Evolution

Published date: June 24, 2019