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Global negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microbes
First author: Tian’an Zhang; Affiliations: Nanjing Forestry University (南京林业大学): Nanjing, China
Corresponding author: Han Y. H. Chen & Honghua Ruan (阮宏华)
Soil microbes comprise a large portion of the genetic diversity on Earth and influence a large number of important ecosystem processes. Increasing atmospheric (大气的) nitrogen (N) deposition represents a major global change driver; however, it is still debated whether the impacts of N deposition on soil microbial biomass and respiration (呼吸) are ecosystem-type dependent. Moreover, the extent of N deposition impacts on microbial composition remains unclear. Here we conduct a global meta-analysis using 1408 paired observations from 151 studies to evaluate the responses of soil microbial biomass, composition, and function to N addition. We show that nitrogen addition reduced total microbial biomass, bacterial biomass, fungal biomass, biomass carbon, and microbial respiration. Importantly, these negative effects increased with N application rate and experimental duration. Nitrogen addition reduced the fungi to bacteria ratio and the relative abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (丛枝菌根真菌) and gram-negative bacteria (革兰阴性菌) and increased gram-positive bacteria. Our structural equation modeling showed that the negative effects of N application on soil microbial abundance and composition led to reduced microbial respiration. The effects of N addition were consistent across global terrestrial ecosystems. Our results suggest that atmospheric N deposition negatively affects soil microbial growth, composition, and function across all terrestrial ecosystems, with more pronounced effects with increasing N deposition rate and duration.
土壤微生物占据了地球大部分的遗传多样性,并对许多重要的生态系统产生重要影响。增加的大气氮沉积代表了一个主要的全球变化驱动因素,然而N沉积对于土壤微生物生物量和呼吸的影响是否依赖于生态系统类型还存在争议。同时,N沉积含量对于微生物组成的影响还不清楚。本文通过对来自151个研究的1408对观测值进行元分析评估N增加的情况下土壤微生物生物量、组成和功能的响应。本文的研究结果显示N增加会减少总的微生物生物量、细菌生物量、真菌生物量、生物量碳及微生物呼吸。重要的是,这些负效应随着N施加速率和处理时间的增加和增加。N增加减少了真菌与细菌的比例,丛枝菌根真菌和革兰阴性菌的相对丰度,增加了革兰氏阳性菌。作者通过结构方程模型显示N施对于土壤微生物丰度和组成的负效应会导致微生物呼吸的降低。N增加的影响与全球的陆地生态系统是一致的。本文的结果表明大气氮沉积负调控整个陆地生态系统的微生物生长、组成和功能,且随着N沉积速率和持续时间的增加效果增加显著。
通讯:阮宏华 (http://shengwu.njfu.edu.cn/default.php?mod=c&s=ssbee0e74&suid=42&stype=1)
个人简介:1984年,南京林业大学,学士;1990年,北京林业大学,生态学硕士;1998年,南京林业大学,博士;1998-2001年,美国波多黎各大学,热带森林生态系统研究院博士后;2001-2002年,美国波多黎各大学,热带森林生态系统研究院助理研究;2003年-至今,南京林业大学,教授。
研究方向:土壤生态与全球气候变化;土壤碳的生物学与生态学过程;水岸带湿地生态功能与过程。
通讯:Han Y. H. Chen (https://www.lakeheadu.ca/users/C/hchen1/node/17405)
个人简介:1997年,不列颠哥伦比亚大学,森林生态学博士。
研究方向:生物多样性丢失和气候变化对于生态系统功能和营养动态的影响。实验室:http://hchen.lakeheadu.ca。
doi: 10.1038/s41396-018-0096-y
Journal: The ISME Journal
Published online: 27 March, 2018
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