Genetic Regulation of Shoot Architecture

First author: Bing Wang; Affiliations: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中科院遗传与发育生物学研究所): Beijing, China

Corresponding author: Jiayang Li (李家洋)

Shoot architecture is determined by the organization and activities of apical, axillary, intercalary, secondary, and inflorescence meristems and by the subsequent development of stems, leaves, shoot branches, and inflorescences. In this review, we discuss the unifying principles (统一原理) of hormonal and genetic control of shoot architecture including advances in our understanding of lateral branch outgrowth; control of stem elongation, thickness, and angle; and regulation of inflorescence development. We focus on recent progress made mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, pea, maize, and tomato, including the identification of new genes and mechanisms controlling shoot architecture. Key advances include elucidation (阐明) of mechanisms by which strigolactones (独脚金内酯), auxins, and genes such as IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 control shoot architecture. Knowledge now available provides a foundation for rational approaches to crop breeding and the generation of ideotypes with defined architectural features to improve performance and productivity.

茎尖结构是由顶端、叶腋、居间、次生和花序分生组织的排序和活性及随后茎、叶、侧枝和花序的发育所共同决定的。本文综述了茎尖结构生理及遗传上的调控机制，包括目前对于侧枝生长，茎伸长、增厚和角度，以及花序发育调控的最新研究进展。作者主要聚焦于拟南芥、水稻、豌豆、玉米和番茄中的最新研究进展，同时包括一些控制茎尖结构的新基因和分子机制的鉴定。主要的成就主要包括阐释了独脚金内酯、生长素、以及IPA1和TB1等基因调控茎尖结构的分子机理。目前的最新研究进展为未来制定合理的作物育种方法及获得理想结构以提升作物质量和产量提供了基础。

shoot维基百科的定义是：In botany, shoots consist of stems including their appendages, the leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems and flower buds. 一年生植物的shoot就是种子萌发向上生长的部分；多年生植物分为草本和木本，草本shoot是指地上部分春天新生长的枝叶；木本shoot是指春天新长出的茎或花。

通讯：李家洋(http://sourcedb.genetics.cas.cn/zw/zjrck/200907/t20090721_2130992.html)

个人简介：1982年，安徽农业大学，学士；1984年，中科院遗传研究所，硕士；1991年，美国布兰代斯大学，博士；1991年起，美国康乃尔大学汤普逊植物研究所，博士后。

研究方向：主要以粮食作物水稻和模式植物拟南芥等为材料，着重研究植物生长素和独脚金内脂的合成途径与作用机理和高等植物株型形成的分子基础，并致力于水稻的分子品种设计，培育高产、优质、高抗、高效新品种。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040422

Journal: Annual Review of Plant Biology

First Published date: 31 March, 2018

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