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Out of Water: The Origin and Early Diversification of Plant R-Genes
First author: Yuxia Gao; Affiliations: Nanjing Normal University (南京师范大学): Nanjing, China
Corresponding author: Guan-Zhu Han (韩管助)
During plant-pathogen interactions, plants use intracellular proteins with nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domains to detect pathogens. NBS-LRR proteins represent a major class of plant disease resistance genes (R-genes). Whereas R-genes have been well characterized in angiosperms, little is known about their origin and early diversification. Here we perform comprehensive evolutionary analyses of R-genes in plants and report the identification of R-genes in basal-branching streptophytes (链型植物), including charophytes (轮藻), liverworts (苔类植物), and mosses (苔藓). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that plant R-genes originated in charophytes and R-proteins diversified into TIR-NBS-LRR proteins (TNLs) and non-TIR-NBS-LRR proteins (nTNLs) in charophytes. Moreover, we show that plant R-proteins evolved in a modular fashion through frequent gain or loss of protein domains. Most of the R-genes in basal-branching streptophytes underwent adaptive evolution, indicating an ancient involvement of R-genes in plant-pathogen interactions. Our findings provide novel insights into the origin and evolution of R-genes and the mechanisms underlying colonization (殖民) of terrestrial environments by plants.
在植物与病原菌互作的过程中,植物利用细胞内的带有核酸结合位点和富含亮氨酸重复(NBS-LRR)的结构域检测病原菌。NBS-LRR蛋白代表了一类主要的植物疾病抗性的基因,即R基因。R基因在被子植物中的功能已经了解的很透彻了,然而关于R基因的起源及其早起的分化还不太清晰。本文利用对植物R基因的进化分析鉴定了包括轮藻、苔类及苔藓等链型植物基础分枝中的R基因。系统发育分析显示植物的R基因起源于轮藻,并且在轮藻中R基因分化形成TIR-NBS-LRR蛋白(即TNLs)和non-TIR-NBS-LRR蛋白(即nTNLs)。此外,作者的研究显示植物R基因通过获取或者丢失蛋白结构域这种模块化的方式进行演化。大多数链型植物基础分枝的R基因经历了适应性选择,揭示了R基因很早以前就已经参与了植物与病原菌的互作。本文的发现为植物R基因的起源和演化提供了新的视野,同时也为植物适应陆地的环境提供了新的机理可能。
通讯:韩管助 (http://sky.njnu.edu.cn/cn/szdw/jsmd)
个人简介:2005-2009年,山东师范大学,生物技术专业,学士;2010-2014年,美国University of Arizona,生态与进化生物学专业,博士。
研究方向:在进化生物学框架下整合了野外采样、进化分析、理论算法开发和分子生物学的方法来研究病原(尤其是病毒)的起源、爆发和进化以及病原与宿主间互作的进化,主要研究方向包括:1)古病毒学和病毒进化;2)新发流行病起源和进化;3)宿主与病原间进化军备竞赛;4)分子进化和进化基因组学。
doi: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00185
Journal: Plant Physiology
First Published date: 21 March, 2018
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