(接上回*)Lemma 2.21. Let π: X --> Z be a finite morphism between varieties of dimension d, x∈X a closed point, and z = π(x). Assume X and Z are smooth at x and z, respectively. Assume t1, t2,...,td are local parameters at z and that π*t1,...,π*td are local parameters at x. Then π is étale at x.
评论:此引理就是讲一个映射,具有如下性状
1)有限态射(finite morphism);
2)两边都是簇集、维数相同;
3)闭点处的作用情况(保光滑);
4)共轭映射保持局部参数;
结论:该映射在闭点处 étale。
注:红色标识的概念待考。
简记:
Z(z) 文
↗
X(x) 文
t1 t2 t3 π*t1 π*t2 π*t3
t4 z t5 π*t4 x π*t5
t6 t7 t8 π*t6 π*t7 π*t8
Proof. Let h: Oz --> Ox be the homomorphism of local rings induced by π. Assume m and n are the maximal ideals of Oz and Ox, respectively. By assumption, m = <t1,...,td> and n = <π*t1,...,π*td> where π*ti=h(ti). Thus the induced map m --> n is surjective, hence m/m^2 --> n/n^2 is surjective too. Then the dual map Tx --> Tz on tangent spaces is injective, hence and isomorphism. Therefore, π is étale at x.
are the algebraic counterpart of local diffeomorphisms. More precisely, a morphism between smooth varieties is étale at a point iff the differential between the corresponding tangent spaces is an isomorphism.