虽然关于贫困线的原始研究是基于税后收入的,但现在用来与贫困线比较的是税前收入。这本来无所谓,反正穷人也不交多少税。但是从1975起,美国开始实行“earned income tax credit (EITC)”。作为鼓励穷人工作的措施,EITC在报税时按工资收入提供一定比例的返还(即使报税人不需要缴税也能领到钱)。2010年,一个有两个孩子的单亲之家最多能拿到5000多美元(要求工资收入在12,550和16,449之间)。而这个收入不算入“税前收入”之内。还有其它一些政府救济,如食品劵和医疗帮助,因为不是现金形式,也不计入。
根据这个建议,联邦政府从2010年开始提供“补充贫困线”(Supplemental Poverty Measure, or SPM)【七】。它并不取代目前贫困线的法定地位,而是为研究者提供一个更“真实”的贫困度量。SPM基本采用了科学院的推荐,但是把消费水平的统计年限改为过去5年,而且把贫困线规定为消费水平分布的最低33%的人群的水准。也就是说,这个贫困线更多地是“相对贫困”的度量。除了家庭人口和地区外,SPM还把人群分为三组:拥有住房且有房贷负担,拥有住房但没有房贷负担,和住房者。在2010年,这三组中四口之家的贫困线分别为25018,20590和24391美元。而现用的官方贫困线为22,113美元。用现有贫困线衡量,2010年的贫困率是15.2%。而使用SPM的话,同年的贫困率为16.0%。
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