讲课用的textbook: College Writing Skills with Readings, Ninth Edition (美国大学英语写作第九版) by John Langan (available on jd for less than RMB70)。

这是一本不需要老师就可以自学的教科书。才两杯星巴克咖啡的价格。（我一般不光顾中国的星巴克。）

没有教科书，你只是路过看热闹。（就像我路过中国的星巴克。）

Part II: Patterns of Essay Development (短文的分类和写作手法)

Chapter 7: Introduction to Essay Development

…

Patterns of Essay Development 

Traditionally, writing has been divided into the following patterns of development: 

Description 

Narration

Exposition 

   Exemplification             Comparison or contrast 

    Process                     Definition

    Cause and effect          Division-classification

Argumentation 

As you practice writing, keep these two points in mind:

·     While each essay that you write will involve one predominant pattern, very often it may involve one or more additional patterns as well. 

·     No matter which pattern(s) you use, each essay will probably involve some form of argumentation. 

The Progression in Each Chapter

In Chapters 8-16, after each pattern is explained, student essays and a professional essay illustrating that pattern are presented, followed by questions about the essays. You are then asked to write your own essay.

Chapter 8 Description (描述式短文)

This chapter will explain and illustrate how to develop, write, and revise an essay with emphasis on description. 

You are provided with two student essays and one professional essay that emphasize description.

注意：with emphasis on description 和emphasize description的“差别”。

有课本的同学，请看Beth Johnson写的Lou’s Place。（我不打算按教科书进行，原因是我偏“科技英语写作”。）

Lou’s Place

By Beth Johnson

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d769d903998fcc22bdd10d31.html

读这篇短文，我感觉像在看电影。你是否也有同感？

显然，科技英语不需要这么生龙活虎，除非你打算写科普。

Developing an Essay with Emphasis on Description

Considering Purpose and Audience

Visualizing the Subject

Perhaps, the most important sense is sight. It allows the writer to visualize his/her subject before describing it in words. This is why researchers use figures in their papers. Use different colors to reveal the complexity of your result.

我一直是用“看图说话”写科技论文的。你也可以试一下。

Developing through Prewriting

Developing through Revising

这一章有许多分析和练习。自己好好学习哦。

今天就讲这些。有问题，请留言。

如果你想提高科技英语写作能力，请跟我来...

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-306792-1146577.html