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诺贝尔委员会没找到Higgs,老人家玩儿去了,不过留了一封感谢信——他当然有理由预知自己获奖的——
I am overwhelmed to receive this award and thank the Royal Swedish Academy. I would also like to congratulate all those who have contributed to the discovery of this new particle and to thank my family, friends and colleagues for their support. I hope this recognition of fundamental science will help raise awareness of the value of blue-sky research.(blue-sky research就是为科学而科学的研究,research without a clear goal)
诺奖网页拖了一个多小时才宣布,有人猜想他们大概很难决定奖该怎么分——历史就那么有趣,50年前,6个人几乎同时在玩儿对称破缺,出现所谓“BEGHKH现象”(Brout, Englert, Guralnik, Hagen, Kibble, Higgs)。遗憾的是Englert的合作者Robert Brout前年去世了,而奖最多分给3个人。大概GHK不好取舍,只好一起落选?
2009年, Guralnik回忆了他们自己的工作(The History of the Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble development of the Theory of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking and Gauge Particles),也讲述了那一段对称破缺的历史。他们刚向PRL投稿时,看到了迟来的EB和H的论文,感觉尽管他们的目标一样,但对自己的工作没构成挑战(they did not form a serious challenge to our work.)。
G认为,EB和H的工作是不完整的,他们发现了对称破缺能产生有质量的玻色子,但没有证明他们的近似是正确和合理的。Hagen就说,“EB和H解决了问题的一半,让规范粒子有了质量;GHK才解决了整个问题,不但让粒子有了质量,还躲过了Goldstone定理的魔手。”(“In a sense EB and H solved half of the problem — namely massifying the gauge particle. GHK solved an entire problem — massifying and also showing how the deadening hand of the Goldstone theorem is avoided.”)
G认为,不带偏见地通读那些文章,都会看清GHK是完全独立思路的结果。(“An unbiased reading of all the papers should make it clear that GHK is the result of an entirely independent train of thought.”)可是,几十年过去了,今天的人只接受结果,不关心那些陈年旧事,也忽略了“正确”和“完整”的意义。“我们迟迟不把文章发出来,还把那些文章列入文献,真是太天真了。但是,我们从没想过那会有什么影响。”(While we were too innocent in our slowness to publish and in the way the referencing was included, we never thought that this would in any way affect)(GHK把EB和待刊的H都列为参考文献了。)
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