古植物学的故事(131期)

美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之十五)

美国联邦和各州地质调查局（勘探局）与古植物学研究

 

 

美国古植物学的全面崛起与美国地质学研究机构、产业部门的持续努力是密切相关的。19世纪中叶以后，全美各地相继成立专门的地质调查与勘探机构，从而在国家层面形成一个专门体系。由于地质勘探事业的需要，化石植物的采集和研究得到重视和发展。在这体系中工作的古植物学家通常也是地质学家。

 

早在1881年，美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey--USGS)聘请Lester F. Ward (1841—1913)从事古植物学研究，L. F. Ward可能是美国地质调查局历史上第一位古植物学家。

 

1934—1943年，著名古植物学家、古孢粉学家和煤田地质学家James M. Schopf (1911--1978)曾在伊利诺斯州地质调查局煤炭部(Coal Division of Illinois State Geological Survey)工作。

 

1947—1978年，James M. Schopf供职于美国地质调查局古生物学与地层学分局(Paleontology & Stratigraphy Branch of USGS)，长达31年。

 

全面研究美国联邦和各州地质调查局（勘探局）与古植物学研究的关系是一个重要课题。哪些古植物学家曾供职于这个专门体系？他们的学术贡献如何？如何同博物馆协作进行化石植物标本的馆藏工作？如何同大学合作？如何培养古植物学人才？美国联邦和各州地质调查局（勘探局）的古植物学研究对中国地质调查局之系统的古植物学研究有何借鉴作用？

 

针对上述问题，我们将选择一些案例，写几则“古植物学的故事”以享读者。

 

孙启高

2011年8月23日

============================

 

附件：美国联邦和各州地质调查局（勘探局）名单

 

United States Geological Survey--USGS

http://www.usgs.gov/

USGS Headquarters (Virginia)

USGS National Center

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive

Reston, VA 20192, USA

Phone: 703-648-5953

 

Denver Federal Center (Colorado)

U.S. Geological Survey

Box 25046 Denver Federal Center

Denver, CO 80225, USA

Phone: 303-236-5900

 

Menlo Park (California)

U.S. Geological Survey

345 Middlefield Road

Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

Phone:650-853-8300

 

Rolla (Missouri)

U.S. Geological Survey

1400 Independence Road

Rolla, MO 65401, USA

Phone: 573-308-3500

 

USGS Alaska Science Center (Alaska)

Glenn Olds Hall

4210 University Drive

Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

Phone: 907-786-7011

===========================

注：以上名单引自

http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/other_surveys/Pages/Index.aspx

 

 

1

State of Alabama Geological Survey

URL: http://www.gsa.state.al.us/

Scope: Geology, surface and ground water, and mineral and energy resources.

420 Hackberry Lane

Tuscaloosa, AL 35486-6999

Phone: 205-349-2852

E-mail: info@state.al.us

 

======================

2

Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys

URL: http://wwwdggs.dnr.state.ak.us/

Scope: Geology, surface and ground water, soil science, earthquake engineering, and mineral and energy resources.

3354 College Road

Fairbanks, Alaska 99709

Phone: (907) 451-5000

Fax: (907) 451-5050

E-mail: dggs@dnr.state.ak.us

 

===========================

3

Arizona Geological Survey

URL: http://www.azgs.state.az.us/

Scope: Geology, surface and ground water, mineral and energy resources, and land surveying.

416 West Congress, Suite100

Tucson, AZ 85701

Phone: 520-770-3500

Fax: 520-770-3505

 

====================

4

Arkansas Geological Commission

URL: http://www.state.ar.us/agc/

Scope: Geology, surface and ground water, and mineral and energy resources.

Vardelle Parham Geology Center

3815 West Roosevelt Road

Little Rock, AR 72204

Phone: 501-296-1877

Fax: 501-663-7360

E-mail: agc@mail.state.ar.us

 

=======================

5

California Geological Survey

URL:http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Pages/Index.aspx

Headquarters/Office

of the State Geologist

801 K Street, MS 12-30

Sacramento, CA 95814

(916) 445-1923

FAX: (916) 445-5718

 

=========================

6

Colorado Geological Survey

URL: http://geosurvey.state.co.us/

Scope: Geology, surface and ground water, mineral and energy resources, avalanche forecasting, and waste disposal.

Colorado Geological Survey

715 State Centennial

1313 Sherman Street

Denver, CO 80203

Phone: 303-866-2611

 

========================

7

Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey

URL: http://dep.state.ct.us/cgnhs/cgnhs.htm

Scope: Geology, surface and ground water, soil science, biology, and mineral and energy resources.

Natural Resources Center, Dept. of Environ. Protection

79 Elm St.

Hartford, CT 06106-5127

Phone: 860-424-3540

 

===================

8

Delaware Geological Survey

URL: http://www.dgs.udel.edu/

Scope: Geology.

University of Delaware

Delaware Geological Survey Building

Newark, DE 19716-7501

Phone: 302-831-2833

Fax: 302-831-3579

 

=======================

9

Florida Geological Survey

URL: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/

Scope: Geology, groundwater, mineral and petroleum resources.

903 West Tennessee Street

Tallahassee, FL 32304-7700

Phone: 850-488-9380

Fax: 850-488-8086

 

=================

10

Georgia Geologic Survey Branch

URL: www.ganet.org/dnr/environ/aboutepd_files/branches_files/gsb.htm

Scope: Geology, minerals, surface and ground water,

19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr., Room 400

Atlanta, GA 30334

Phone: 404-656-3214

Fax: 404-657-8379

 

===================

11

Department of Land and Natural Resources

URL: http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/

Division of Water and Land Development

Scope: Water resources, flood prevention, soil science, geology, energy and mineral resources.

Division of Water and Land Development

P.O. Box 373

Honolulu, HI 96809

Phone: 808-548-0400

 

=======================

12

Idaho Geological Survey

URL: http://www.idahogeology.org/

Scope: Geology and mineral resources.

University of Idaho

Moscow, ID 83843

Phone: 208-885-7991
E-mail: igs@uidaho.edu

 

=====================

13

Illinois State Geological Survey

URL: http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu/isgshome.html

Scope: Geology, groundwater, and mineral and energy resources.

615 East Peabody Drive

Champaign, IL 61820

Phone: 217-333-4747

 

========================

14

Indiana Geological Survey

URL: http://igs.indiana.edu/

Scope: Geology, mineral and petroleum resources.

611 North Walnut Grove

Bloomington, IN 47405

Phone: 812-855-7636

E-mail: igsinfo@indiana.edu

 

=====================

15

Geological Survey Bureau

URL: http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/

Scope: Geology, mineral and water resources.

109 Trowbridge Hall

Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1319

Phone: 319-335-1575

Fax: 319-335-2754

E-mail: webmanager@igsb.uiowa.edu

 

=======================

16

Kansas Geological Survey

URL: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/index.html

Scope: Geology, ground water, mineral resources; seismicity.

The University of Kansas

1930 Constant Avenue

West Campus

Lawrence, KS 66046-2598

Phone: 785-864-3965

 

===================

17

Kentucky Geological Survey

URL: http://www.uky.edu/KGS/home.htm

Scope: Geology, mineral and energy resources, and surface and ground water.

228 Mining and Mineral Resources Building

University of Kentucky

Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0107

Tel: (859) 257-5500

FAX: (859) 257-1147

 

========================

18

Louisiana Geological Survey

URL: http://www.lgs.lsu.edu

Scope: Geology, mineral and energy resources, flood control, water resources, and soil conservation.

Department of Natural Resources

P.O. Box G

University Station

Baton Rouge, LA 70893

Phone: 225-578-5320

FAX: 225-578-3662

E-mail: chacko@vortex.bri.lsu.edu

 

====================

19

Maine Geological Survey

URL: http://www.state.me.us/doc/nrimc/mgs/mgs.htm

Scope: Geology, ground water.

Maine Department of Conservation

State House Station 22

Augusta, ME 04333

Phone: 207-287-2801

E-mail: nrimc@state.me.us

 

======================

20

Maryland Geological Survey

URL: http://www.mgs.md.gov/  

Scope: Geology; mineral, energy, surface and ground water resources; archaeology. 2300 St. Paul Street

Baltimore, MD 21218

Phone: 410-554-5500

 

=======================

21

Executive Office of Environmental Affairs

URL: http://www.magnet.state.ma.us/envir/eoea.htm

Scope: Geology, ground water

Executive Office of Environmental Affairs

251 Causeway Street, 9th Floor

Boston, MA 02114

Phone: 617-626-1000

Fax: 617-626-1181

 

=====================

22

Department of Environmental Quality

Geological Survey Division

URL: http://www.michigan.gov/deq

Scope: Geology, mineral and energy resources.

P.O. Box 30256

Lansing MI 48909-7756

1-800-662-9278

Fax: 517-334-6038

 

========================

23

Minnesota Geological Survey

URL: http://www.geo.umn.edu/mgs/

Scope: Geology, mineral and groundwater resources.

Minnesota Geological Survey

School of Earth Sciences

University of Minnesota

2642 University Avenue

St. Paul, MN 55114-1057

Phone: 612-627-4780

E-mail: mgs@gold.tc.umn.edu

 

=======================

24

Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality

Office of Geology

URL: http://www.deq.state.ms.us/MDEQ.nsf/page/geology_home?OpenDocument

Scope: Geology, groundwater, mineral and energy resources.

P.O. Box 20307

Jackson, MS 39289-1307

Phone: 601-961-5171

Fax: 601-961-5660

 

====================

24

Division of Geology and Land Survey

URL: http://www.dnr.mo.gov/geology/

Scope: Geology; mineral, energy, ground and surface water resources; land surveying.

Department of Natural Resources

P. O. Box 250

Rolla, MO 65402

Phone: 1-800-361-4827

E-mail: dnrgsrad@dnr.mo.gov

 

 

=======================

26

Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology

Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology

URL: http://www.mbmg.mtech.edu/

Scope: Geology; mineral, energy, and groundwater resources.

1300 West Park Street

Butte, MT 59701

Phone: 406-496-4167

 

=====================

27

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Institute of Agriculture & Natural Resources

Conservation and Survey Division

URL: http://csd.unl.edu/surveyareas/geology.asp

Scope: Geology; mineral, petroleum, soil, and water resources.

113 Nebraska Hall

Lincoln, NE 68588-0517

Phone: 402-472-3471

 

======================

28

University of Nevada-Reno

Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology

URL: http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/

Scope: Geology; mineral resources.

Reno, NV 89557-0088

Phone: 775-784-6691

E-mail: nbmginfo@unr.edu

 

====================

29

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

URL: http://www.des.state.nh.us/

Scope: Air, waste, and water.

29 Hazen Drive

P.O. 95

Concord, NH 03302-0095

Phone: 603-271-3503

Fax: 603-271-2867

 

=====================

30

New Jersey Geological Survey

URL: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/

Scope: Geology, ground and surface water.

PO Box 427

29 Arctic Parkway

Trenton, NJ 08625

Phone: 609-292-1185

FAX: 609-292-1185

 

=====================

31

New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources

URL: http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/

Scope: Geology, mineral and energy resources, ground water.

801 Leroy Place

New Mexico Tech

Socorro, NM 87801-4796

Phone: 575-835-5420

 

========================

32

New York State Geological Survey

URL: http://nygeosurvey.geology-forum.com/

Scope: Geology, mineral resources.

3136 Cultural Education Center

Albany, NY 12230

Phone: 518-474-5816

 

======================

33

North Carolina Geological Survey

URL: http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/

Scope: Geology; mineral and groundwater resources.

Division of Land Resources

1612 Mail Service Center

P.O. Box 27699-1612

Raleigh, NC 27611

Phone: 919-733-2423

FAX: 919-733-0900

 

 

================

34

North Dakota Geological Survey

URL: http://www.state.nd.us/ndgs/

Scope: Geology, mineral and petroleum resources.

600 East Boulevard Avenue

Bismarck, ND 58505-0840

Phone: 701-328-8000

Fax: 701-328-8010

 

===================

35

Ohio Department of Natural Resources

Division of Geological Survey

URL: http://www.ohiodnr.com/geosurvey/

Scope: Geology; mineral resources.

4383 Fountain Square Dr.

Columbus, OH 43224-1362

Telephone: (614) 265-6576

Fax: (614) 447-1918

E-mail: geo.survey@dnr.state.oh.us

 

============================

36

Oklahoma Geological Survey

URL: http://www.ou.edu/special/ogs-pttc/

Scope: Geology; mineral and energy resources; seismicity.

University of Oklahoma

100 East Boyd St., Suite N131

Norman, OK 73019

Phone: 405-325-3031

FAX: 405-325-7069

 

=======================

37

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries

URL: http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/default.htm

Scope: Geology; mineral and energy resources; earthquake hazards.

800 NE Oregon St., Suite 965

Portland, OR 97232

Phone: 503-731-4100

FAX: 503-731-4066

 

=====================

38

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey

URL: http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/

Scope: Geology; groundwater; fossil fuels; topographic mapping.

Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

3240 Schoolhouse Road

Middletown, PA  17057

Phone: 717-702-2017

 

=======================

39

Department of Natural and Environmental Resources

Bureau of Geology

Box 5887

Puerta de Tierra, PR 00906

Phone: 809-725-2526

Fax: 809-724-0365

 

=====================

40

Rhode Island Geological Survey

URL: http://www.uri.edu/cels/geo/ri_geological_survey.htm  

Scope: Geology.

Office of the State Geologist

Department of Geology

The University of Rhode Island

9 East Alumni Ave., 314 Woodward Hall

Kingston, RI 02881

Phone: 401-874-2191

 

===========================

41

South Carolina Geological Survey

URL: http://www.dnr.sc.gov/geology/

Scope: Geology and mineral resources.

5 Geology Road

Columbia, SC 29210

Phone: 803-896-7708

 

=========================

42

South Dakota Geological Survey

URL: http://www.sdgs.usd.edu/

Scope: Geology; hydrology; mineral resources.

Department of Water and Natural Resources

Akeley-Lawrence Science Center

University of South Dakota

414 East Clark Street

Vermillion, SD 57069-2390

Phone: 605-677-5227

 

=====================

43

Department of Environment and Conservation

Geology Division

URL: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/tdg/

Scope: Geology; mineral and groundwater resources.

Tennessee Division of Geology

401 Church Street

Nashville, TN 37243-0445

Phone: 615-532-1500

 

======================

44

Texas Bureau of Economic Geology

URL: http://www.beg.utexas.edu/

Scope: Geology; mineral, petroleum, surface and ground water resources. University of Texas at Austin

University Station, Box X

Austin, TX 78713

Phone: 512-471-1534/7721

E-mail: begmail@begv.beg.utexas.edu

 

=======================

45

Utah Geological Survey

URL: http://geology.utah.gov/

Scope: Geology; mineral resources; and earthquake engineering.

1594 West North Temple

P.O. Box 146100

Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6100

801-537-3300, Fax 801-537-3400

 

========================

46

Agency of Natural Resources

Vermont Geological Survey

URL: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/geo/vgs.htm

Scope: Geology.

103 S. Main St., Laundry Building

Waterbury, VT 05671-0301

Phone: 802-241-3608

Fax: 802-241-3273

 

=======================

47

Division of Mineral Resources

URL: http://www.mme.state.va.us/DMR/home.dmr.html

Scope: Geology; mineral resources.

Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy

P.O. Box 3667

Charlottesville, VA 22903

Phone: 434-951-6342

 

 

========================

48

Division of Geology and Earth Resources

URL: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/

Scope: Geology; mineral and energy resources.

1111 Washington Street SE, Room 148

P.O. Box 47007

Olympia, WA 98504-7007

Phone: 360-902-1450

E-mail: geology@wadnr.gov

 

 

=======================

49

West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey

URL: http://www.wvgs.wvnet.edu/

Scope: Geology; mineral, energy, and water resources.

Mont Chateau Research Center

P.O. Box 879

Morgantown, WV 26507-0879

Phone: 304-594-2331

======================

50

Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey

URL: http://www.uwex.edu/wgnhs/

Scope: Geology; mineral resources; water resources; climatology.

University of Wisconsin-Extension

3817 Mineral Point Road

Madison, WI 53705 |

Phone: 608-262-1705

Fax: 608-262-8086

 

==========================

51

Geological Survey of Wyoming

URL: http://www.wsgs.uwyo.edu/

Scope: Geology; mineral resources.

Box 1347

University Station

Laramie, WY 82071

Phone: 307-766-2286